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                    <text>Sarah 'resists' by identifying as 'Cook Suffragist' under occupation on the 1911 census. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>The Wildernesse, Pembury Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent</text>
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              <text>Sarah (b.1851) had been a cook for the Le Lacheur family for at least 10 years. No other information about her interest or involvement in the suffrage movement is known. On the 1911 census for occupation she included ‘Cook Suffragist’ making her belief in the movement known though she complied in all other respects. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>NUWSS shop, Crescent Road, Tunbridge Wells. Source: courtesy The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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              <text>Treasurer, Tunbridge Wells Women’s Suffrage Society</text>
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          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Widow</text>
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              <text>The Wildernesse, Pembury Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent</text>
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              <text>Lydia (1843-1927) was the Treasurer of the Tunbridge Wells Women’s Suffrage Society. On the 1911 census, by the names of two of Lydia’s servants was written ’suffragist’ (see Sarah Reynolds and Caroline Marchant). No further information is known at this stage about any involvement they may have had in the suffrage movement. Lydia’s family began by supporting the WSPU.  In 1908 her daughters Dorothy and (see) May, with friend Gladys Sherris (Henfield) were driven by Lydia’s elder son from Tunbridge Wells to London to participate in the WSPU 21st of June procession. Their motor car was described as being ‘brilliantly decorated for the occasion, with rosettes in green, white and purple’ and with a small “Votes for Women” placard fixed in front of the car and a large notice advertising the demonstration hanging out at the back. Later that year, however, Dorothy was to found the Tunbridge Wells branch of the WFL. Another of Lydia’s daughters, Kate, was arrested after taking part in a WSPU demonstration in November 1910. Lydia participated in the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London in 1913 entertaining 30 to 40 guests at her house. In the same year, a Miss Le Lacheur attended a meeting about the Tunbridge Wells Nevill Cricket Ground which had been destroyed by suffragettes in an arson attack. This was probably Dorothy who with two other women interrupted the meeting and kept interjecting questions to those speaking against women’s suffrage. For more information see  Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey with thanks to Frances Stenlake for additional advice.</text>
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                <text>Lydia Le Lacheur</text>
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                    <text>Alice's 1911 census form. Courtesy: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Assistant teacher secondary school</text>
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          <name>Age</name>
          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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          <description>The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Kismet, Pier Road, Northfleet, Gravesend, Kent</text>
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          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>WFL</text>
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          <description>This person's response to the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Alice was a teacher in a county council school and boarded with another county school teacher and his wife and three children.  Although Alice complied with the 1911 census, she must have referred to the WFL as it was noted by the enumerator.  In a 1914 copy of The Vote, Alice is listed as taking the chair at a London meeting of the WFL. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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              <text>Physiotherapist &amp; owner-manager of a home for disabled children</text>
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          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Brackenhill, 47 Highland Road, Bromley, Kent</text>
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          <name>Suffrage Society</name>
          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Katherine Felicia Harvey (1870 - 1946) was also known as Catherine Harvey, Felicia Kate Harvey and Katherine Felicia Harvey. She was profoundly deaf, had been married to Frank Harvey with 3 daughters, but was widowed at a young age. She was a physiotherapist and an early practitioner of physical therapy with the disabled children she cared for. In that time, this was extremely unusual: society was such that women were not encouraged to work in the medical profession and certainly not in roles that required physical contact. Kate had a long history of association with the suffrage movement. In 1882, a meeting of the Bromley, Beckenham and Shortlands Women’s Suffrage Society was held at her house and she was secretary. The following year the Society held its first annual general meeting at her house. Kate was a leading member of the WFL from 1910, and in 1911 assisted leader Charlotte Despard with the King George V Women’s Coronation Procession. Kate and Charlotte Despard became close friends: recorded in Charlotte’s diary on 12 January 1912, is ‘the anniversary of our love’ which has caused much speculation as to the exact nature of Kate and Charlotte’s relationship. In the 1911 census, the enumerator wrote ‘House filled with suffragettes who refuse information.’ Kate was also a member of the Women’s Tax Resistance League (WTRL) and engaged in a 2-year battle with Kent County Council for refusing to pay a stamp to obtain a licence for her gardener. For 8-months’ Kate barricaded herself in her house to avoid being arrested. The barricade was broken by bailiffs and she was arrested. In August 1913, Kate refused to pay and was sentenced to 2-months’ in Holloway. Kate was the first person sentenced under the Insurance Act: protests were made about the inequality of Kate’s treatment in comparison to the fines imposed on men for the same offence. Kate only served 1-month of her sentence due to concerns for her health.  She received a suffragist’s prison medal for her courage. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Ethel as a Postwoman during the First World War. Source &amp; copyright permissions, Ethel Baldock's family.</text>
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                    <text>Ethel's 1911 census form. Courtesy: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Ethel (far left, holding a book) with her father, new stepmother Martha &amp; family in 1899. Courtesy &amp; copyright permission, Ethel Baldock's family.</text>
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              <text>Ethel Violet Baldock (1893 to 1939) was born in Gravesend, Kent to Frances Elizabeth and Samuel Baldock.  She was their fifth daughter, one of eight children (six girls and two boys).  Ethel’s mother and one of her sisters (aged 7 years) died in 1899 from meningitis.  Ethel’s father employed a housekeeper, Martha Nelson and she and her daughter, May, moved into the house.  Samuel Baldock married Martha shortly after this.  Ethel and her siblings did not get along with Martha or May.   The Baldock girls all went into service at 12 years old and were found ‘good’ positions by their Aunt Jane (their father’s sister).  In 1911 Ethel was living with one of her older sisters, Florence, and her husband but worked elsewhere in a Tunbridge Wells hotel as a house maid/waitress.  Records have not yet been identified listing Ethel as a WSPU or other suffrage society member but in 1912 she participated in the WSPU window smashing campaign.  Ethel was arrested with well-known suffragette, Violet Bland, for smashing the window of the Commercial Cable building at 1 Northumberland Avenue on 1st March 1912.  They, along with nearly 200 other women arrested for window smashing were held in Holloway prison. These women were called ‘vitrifragists’, or ‘glass-breakers’ by a newspaper.  Emmeline Pankhurst was among those arrested and imprisoned that night.  Ethel and Violet had a hearing on 9 March and were charged and committed to trial on 26th March.   At the trial, Ethel was released and Violet sentenced to 4 months’ imprisonment.  Violet was sent to Aylesbury prison, she immediately went on hunger strike and was forcibly fed.  Violet stated in their trial that she had been provoked to participate in the window smashing because of MP Mr Hobhouse’s words.  He had said that universal suffrage was not the majority view as women had not destroyed property like men had during the 1832 Reform Act riots.  It is not clear what, if anything, Ethel said at their trial but it is possible that she had heard either first or second hand Mr Hobhouse’s speech as he had visited and spoken at a meeting in Tunbridge Wells in January 1912.  It is unknown if Ethel was ever in touch with Violet again.  She went on to marry Arthur Hodge in 1915 and had one son, Donald, in 1919.  To learn more about Ethel’s story, see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey. </text>
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                    <text>Portrait of Louisa Martindale by Clara Ewald, Martindale Centre, Horsted Keynes. By kind permission of Horsted Keynes Parochial Church Council.</text>
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              <text>Louisa Martindale belonged to a prominent Congregationalist family: her brother Sir Albert Spicer, a Liberal politician, was a vice-President of the National Women’s Suffrage Society; her brother Augustin Spicer and his wife held suffragist gatherings at their home, Franklyns, Wivelsfield, near Haywards Heath. Louisa Martindale was well-known as a women’s suffrage campaigner when she moved to Cheeleys, Horsted Keynes in 1903. During the 1890s, as President of the Brighton Women Liberals Association (WLA), and Vice-President of the Burgess Hill WLA, she called for equal voting rights with men and joined the executive committee of the newly-formed Practical Suffragists within the Women Liberals Federation. In 1904, with (see) Marie, Margery and Cicely Corbett, she attended the International Congress of Women in Berlin at which the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance was founded. The portrait of Louisa by the German artist Clara Ewald shows her sitting behind a desk on which rests a volume inscribed ‘International Frauen Congress 1904‘. Meetings held by the Liberals in Horsted Keynes included a ‘Call to Women’ in 1906 at which Louisa and the Corbetts urged women to take part in local government. In 1907, Louisa invited the Brighton and Hove branch of the WSPU and local WLA members to a garden party at Cheeleys at which the speakers were Emmeline Pankhurst and Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence. In June 1910, referring to over 40 years’ campaigning on her own part, she acknowledged that the WSPU’s ‘militant ways’ had ‘worked wonders and roused our sex as we could not’. Soon afterwards, however, she hosted the inaugural meeting of the Horsted Keynes branch of the constitutional Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society in the Congregational Hall. This had been built thanks to her efforts and she had appointed as its first pastor Hatty Baker, founder of the Free Church League for Women’s Suffrage. Subsequent suffragist meetings in the Congregational Hall, included two talks in February 1911 by Lady Stout, whose husband had been Premier of New Zealand: on the advantages of women having the vote there, and on ‘Temperance Reform and Social Progress’, a subject of particular interest to Louisa. The following month Louisa was on the platform at a Cuckfield and Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society meeting in the Congregational Hall to support ‘distinguished non-militant suffragists,’ Lady Sybil Brassey and Lady Betty Balfour. In 1910 the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society acted upon Louisa’s proposal that a Women’s Local Government Association be formed to encourage women to stand for election. Louisa’s elder daughter, Dr Louisa Martindale, was a committee member of this branch of the NUWSS, and a pioneering specialist in women’s health. Mother and daughter were centrally involved in the establishment of Brighton’s Lady Chichester Hospital for Women and Girls, run entirely by women. Louisa’s younger daughter, Hilda, at this time a factory inspector, was also to spend her career working for women’s rights. The Congregational Hall is now known as the Martindale Centre; a memorial plaque there describes Louisa as ‘a champion of a larger life for women’. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Sussex Express; Kent and Sussex Courier; Brighton Gazette; Common Cause; Votes for Women.</text>
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                    <text>1909 NUWSS van tour: Helga Gill is sitting next to the driver. Source: The Women’s Library at LSE.</text>
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                    <text>Danehill WI 1918: Helga Gill, wearing her ambulance driver’s uniform is no 29; Marie Corbett, wearing her usual breeches is no 24. Source: Danehill Parish Historical Society with special thanks to Jill Rolfe.</text>
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              <text>In January 1906, the Norwegian campaigner Helga Gill (1885-1928) appeared on the platform with the Corbett family, with whom she was staying, at a local Liberal celebration of Charles Corbett’s East Grinstead General Election victory. In June 1907, Norwegian women with a certain level of income were enfranchised; Helga Gill then returned to England to work as a NUWSS organiser. This meant travelling the country, to a Worcester by-election campaign in January 1908, to Cambridge, to Littlehampton and Arundel in Sussex, and to Arbroath in Scotland. In 1909, while Lancashire organiser, with former cotton-mill worker (see) Selina Cooper, she took time out for by-elections in Edinburgh and Stratford-on-Avon, then, after a month at Cardiff, organised a by-election campaign in Mid-Derbyshire. In August 1909, she and friends undertook a NUWSS horse-drawn caravan tour to publicise the cause round the villages of Wales. A report by one of her companions quoted a rural convert: ‘If we had Miss Gill here a month, I think everyone in the county would be a Suffragist.’ Time spent in Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire was followed by a return to Derbyshire for the January 1910 General Election; later that year she moved on from Cumberland and Westmorland to Tunbridge Wells. Her next posting was to Oxford, the Midland Federation of NUWSS branches thanking national headquarters ‘for giving us such an efficient organiser’. ‘So many societies claim her help.’ Before embarking on a month’s NUWSS caravan tour through the Midlands in August 1911, Helga took a break at Danehill, singing with Cicely Corbett at a concert at the Horsted Keynes Congregational Hall. Like Cicely, Helga gave her occupation on the 1911 census form as ‘Suffrage Lecturer’. In January 1912, she toured Ireland for the Irishwomen’s Suffrage Federation, returning there with Cicely Corbett after a spell working in Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Berkshire. In late 1912, after a NUWSS caravan tour of the Midlands and North Wales, Helga addressed meetings throughout Kent: at Bromley with Cicely Corbett, at Edenbridge with (see) Margery Corbett Ashby. Back in Oxfordshire in 1913, she frequently spoke in company with former militant Evelina Haverfield. In November 1913, in South Lanark for a by-election, Helga worked with members of the NUWSS Scottish Federation, whose secretary, Dr Elsie Inglis, was to be the founder, at the outbreak of war, of the NUWSS Scottish Women’s Hospitals. In December 1914, Helga was a member of the first Hospital Unit to leave for France, working initially in the clothing department at the hospital set up at Royaumont Abbey. She subsequently became an ambulance driver: one of the medals she was awarded was for driving under fire. After the War, Helga settled with her adopted son, a war orphan, at Woodgate Cottage. As the only woman member of the Danehill branch of the British Legion, she ran the Boys Brigade as well as taking over as secretary of the Danehill WI. When she was fatally injured by a tree falling on her car, her obituary in the Mid Sussex Times began, ‘Danehill mourns’; tributes in the Woman’s Leader were written by Margery Corbett Ashby and Millicent Garrett Fawcett. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Women’s Franchise; Common Cause; The Woman’s Leader; local newspapers from all over the country.</text>
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                    <text>Cicely Corbett. Source: Schwimmer Lloyd Collection, New York Public Library.</text>
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              <text>Cicely Corbett (later Corbett Fisher, 1885-1959) was the younger daughter of suffrage campaigners Marie and Charles Corbett, of Woodgate, Danehill, Sussex, and sister of (see) Margery Corbett Ashby. She became a practised stage performer through contributing songs to concerts at the Congregational Hall, built by veteran suffragist Louisa Martindale, in nearby Horsted Keynes. After graduating from Somerville College, Oxford, in 1907, and as secretary of her mother’s Forward Suffrage Union in the Women’s Liberal Association, Cicely became much in demand as a speaker all over the country, both to explain the Forward Suffrage Union to WLA branches and to talk on behalf of the NUWSS. In 1909, she took the stage in Cardiff while friend (see) Helga Gill, a Norwegian suffragist, was spending a month as NUWSS organiser there, and joined in the NUWSS Scottish Highlands Campaign, chairing a meeting at Kingussie. In Sussex that year she spoke to the Haywards Heath and Lindfield Women Liberals Association and to the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society. Cicely participated in Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage (MLWS) rallies in Trafalgar Square and was regularly paired with a MLWS speaker, for example Laurence Housman, to speak at open-air meetings throughout Greater London. In 1909, the International Women’s Franchise Club was formed, under the auspices of the/MLWS, with Cicely its ‘indefatigable’ secretary. Cicely also spoke in company with Millicent Garrett Fawcett, on one occasion singing the suffrage version of Hope and Glory. Speaking tours took her to Ireland in 1911 and again, with Helga Gill, in 1912. She describes her occupation on the 1911 census as (see) ‘Suffrage lecturer’. Having first gone to Hungary in 1910 to help organise suffrage groups there, she returned, as the recently-married Cecily Corbett Fisher, for the IWSA Congress in Budapest in June 1913 where, as ‘a great favourite’, she drew huge audiences. In London, Cicely was a member of the executive committee of the East St Pancras NUWSS, and on the general committee of the Actresses’ Franchise League. She did not neglect Sussex, however, speaking at meetings at Arundel, the tiny village of Slaugham, Rotherfield, and Uckfield, as well as at Horsted Keynes and Danehill. Reflecting the Corbett family’s commitment to disarmament, Cicely reported on the first Peace Study Conference, in Amsterdam, held following the decision taken at the 1926 Conference of the International Alliance for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship to study ‘Peace questions’. She departed from family tradition in becoming ‘an ardent supporter of the Labour movement’: in November 1928, as secretary of the Advisory Committee on Finance and Commerce for the National Labour Party, she addressed a Cuckfield Labour Party meeting in the Queen’s Hall on ‘Disarmament and Peace’. In September 1933, at an East Grinstead Labour Party Fete and Rally in Elm Hall garden, she chaired a talk by ‘Manny’ Shinwell. The subject of a talk by Cicely at the Danehill Women’s Institute in March 1935 was ‘Current Events’, and in 1936 she urged both the Danehill and the Horsted Keynes WI to join the League of Nations Union. ‘As responsible citizens they should not only look upon the light and pleasant side of life.’ Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Uckfield Weekly; Irish Citizen; Women’s Franchise; Common Cause.</text>
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                    <text>Marie and Charles Corbett. Source: Danehill Parish Historical Society </text>
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              <text>Marie Eliza Corbett (1859-1932) and her husband Charles were leading Liberals who lived at Woodgate, his estate at Danehill, near East Grinstead. When the 1894 Local Government Act gave propertied women the right to vote for and serve on local councils and as Poor Law Guardians, Marie became the first woman member of the new Uckfield Rural District Council and a Guardian of Uckfield Workhouse. In 1887, with Millicent Garrett Fawcett, Eva McLaren and Lady Frances Balfour, she formed the Liberal Women’s Suffrage Society, and in 1907 she co-founded the Forward Suffrage Union to urge the Federation of Women Liberals Associations to adopt a definite women’s suffrage policy. In 1911, following a meeting held by Lady Edith Fox-Pitt and Lady Queensberry, presided over by Lady Grove, chair of the Forward Suffrage Union, and addressed by Frances Balfour, Marie formed the East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society (EGWSS) with herself as honorary secretary. Its President was Muriel, Countess de la Warr, and titled Vice-Presidents were: Muriel’s sister-in-law Countess Sybil Brassey; Lady Fox-Pitt; Lady Eleanor Cecil of Chelwood Gate, whose husband, Lord Robert Cecil, was a founder member of the MLWS; Countess Munster of Maresfield Park; Countess Platen; and Lady Katherine Morgan of the Conservative Women’s Franchise Association. A few months later Florence Buckley, EGWSS treasurer, chaired the first women’s suffrage meeting ever to be held in Danehill itself. Miss Chute Ellis and Miss Spooner, of the Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society, addressed an audience of 50-60, enlisting 12 new members. Cicely Corbett proposed the vote of thanks. In 1912 the EGWSS became affiliated to the Surrey, Sussex and Hampshire Federation of the NUWSS. With the escalation of WSPU violence that year, Marie, with other Sussex branch secretaries, wrote to the local press, denouncing WSPU militancy: ‘There cannot be more than a few hundred who have put themselves under the leadership of the WSPU for the commission of lawless activities. The members of the East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society strongly disapprove of acts of violence.’ In July 1913 Marie arranged a public meeting on the eve of taking EGWSS members to join the Brighton Road contingent of Great Suffrage Pilgrimage to London. This descended into the ‘East Grinstead Riot’ when youths, recruited by ‘anti’ agents provocateurs, subjected EGWSS members and speakers, including Laurence Housman, a founder member of the MLWS, to noisy verbal abuse and unsavoury and injurious missiles. Undaunted, about 20 women set off the following morning to join the Brighton Road and Horsham contingents on their way from Crawley to Horley. From 1904 when Marie and her two daughters, Margery and Cicely, attended the first International Suffrage Congress, in Berlin, until 1921 when she took ‘a large contingent of women from Danehill’ to participate in the women’s procession from the Embankment to the Albert Hall World Disarmament Conference, Marie campaigned on behalf of women at international as well as local level. Her obituary in the Mid Sussex Times detailed her involvement in community activity; International Women’s Suffrage News eulogised her as ‘one of our pioneers’. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Margery Corbett Ashby Memoirs 1997; WSRO 54752 East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society report from its formation 30 May 1911 to 23 Jan 1914; East Grinstead Observer Mid Sussex Times; East Surrey Journal; Sussex Express; East Sussex News; Common Cause; International Women’s Suffrage News.</text>
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                    <text>Sarah Merrick's 1911 census. Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Sarah was born in Derby in 1869 moving to Hucknall as a young teacher at Beardall Infant School in 1887. After two years of training she became headteacher at Morton Infant school near Tibshelf. In 1894 she married Joseph Merrick and the couple lived in Walsall and Upper Broughton before moving to The Knoll on Beardall Street, Hucknall. Sarah was highly active in public life and supportive of women’s suffrage joining several demonstrations in London. In 1910, Helena Dowson held a meeting in Hucknall and by 1913 Sarah was running the Hucknall branch of NUWSS over a teashop in the High Street. In 1911, Sarah complied with the census appearing at home in Beardall Street, but does not give an occupation. Neither is the exact position of 'The Knoll' in Beardall Street clear and so its location on the map is approximate. Sarah was also secretary to the British Women’s Temperance Society and became the first woman Poor Law Guardian for Basford Board serving in the Labour Party's interests. Sarah fought strongly in this position for better conditions for the poor. She also stood as a Labour County Councillor but was not successful. It is also interesting to note that her husband was a prominent Liberal. Sarah was for many years associated with the Adult School movement being both president and secretary of the Hucknall Woman’s Branch for a time and Minutes Secretary for the County. She died aged 65 at Vernon Lodge Nursing home on Waverley Street in Nottingham, and is buried in Hucknall. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-</text>
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