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                    <text>Hilda was visiting her mother Susan Greg and sisters at Lee Hall in Cheshire with husband Gerard when the 1911 census was taken. Source: courtesy, The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Hilda was born in Cheshire and moved to Nottingham on marrying her cousin Gerard Dowson – son of Alice and Benjamin Dowson – they had a son Waldo and daughter Rhonda. She moved to Radcliffe on Trent renting the Manor House from 1905-1921 (now 52 main Street, Radcliffe on Trent) and then buying the Grange where she lived from 1922-1956. She worked with her mother and sisters in law to help women gain the vote in various ways. For instance, participating in a national Votes for women march in London in 1908, helping to organise NUWSS meetings in Nottingham, collecting signatures outside Newark polling station in 1910 and becoming joint secretary of the Nottingham NUWSS branch in 1910. She also acted as a speaker throughout the East Midlands in Northants, Derby, and Bottesford in 1911-12. In 1911 when the census was taken, Hilda was visiting her mother and sisters with husband Gerard in Cheshire (see image). She continued to attend NUWSS meetings between 1918-1924 – when it became the Council of Women - campaigning for legislation to improve the position of women and children. She was active in both WW1 and WW2; was also a founder of Radcliffe Women’s Institute; a part of the Nursing Association; and was a County Magistrate sitting at Bingham. On August 24th, 2019, a plaque was unveiled at her later home the Grange, celebrating her life. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-</text>
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                    <text>Stock House by J.H Le Keux. Source: Hutchins History of Dorset, 1868.</text>
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              <text>Innes Elisabeth Skinner (1859-1944) was born on 22 April 1859 at 57 Eccleston Square - the London townhouse of her parents Charles Binny Skinner (1808-1889), a partner in Jardine, Skinner &amp; Co. of Calcutta, and Frances Mary Andrewes (1827-1900).  Innes was one of nine children (5 girls &amp; 4 boys) and was probably educated at home (the 1871 census lists a French Governess).  From 1867 to 1897 the family owned The Chantry, a large mansion near Ipswich.  In 1887, Innes married the Rev. Cecil George Paget (1853-1929), then vicar of Holt in Dorset.  They had nine children, although one son died at 8 weeks old and three sons were killed in the First World War.  From 1905 to 1917 Cecil was Rector of Stock Gaylard, a small parish in north Dorset.  The family lived on the Stock Gaylard estate at Stock House, a small Georgian country house surrounded by 80 acres of deer park.  In April 1909, Innes was a founder committee member of the Sherborne branch of the NUWSS and in the 1911 census she gave her occupation as ‘suffragist’.  In August 1916, Innes gave an address to the newly founded branch of the Women’s Union in the neighbouring parish of Fifehead Neville, Dorset.  Innes may have inherited her interest in women’s rights from her mother who is known to have hosted events in support of the Irish Distressed Ladies’ Fund (1892) and for the House of Training for Lady Workers for the Mission Field (1900).  Innes passed this interest on to her youngest daughter Cecily Innes Paget (1902-1979) who went on to teach at the Tumelong Mission in Pretoria, South Africa.  A distant relative of the family, Dame Shirley Paget Marchioness of Anglesey, was National Chair of the NFWI from 1966 to 1969.  From 1917 to 1922 Cecil was Vicar of Cassington, Oxfordshire where he commissioned a village war memorial on which their three sons who died in the First World War are commemorated.  In 1922, Cecil and Innes retired to 70, Woodstock Road, Oxford, where Cecil died in 1929, and Innes died, aged 85, on 29 December 1944. Researched and contributed by Rachel Hassall.</text>
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                    <text>Isabel Abraham. Source: Marij van Helmond, 'Votes for Women: The Events on Merseyside 1870-1928' (1992) p. 69 (original source unclear). </text>
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                    <text>Isabel is absent from the 1911 census for 53 Bidston Road. Source: courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>A Christmas note written by Isabel on WSPU headed note paper in 1911. Source: courtesy Museum of Liverpool.</text>
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                    <text>Isabel's later home, Swarthmoor Hall, Cumbria. Source: www.swarthmoorhall.co.uk</text>
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              <text>Suffrage campaigner Isabel Abraham (later known as Ross) was a committed member of the Women's Social Political Union (WSPU). Isabel started donating to the WSPU in 1908 and remained a regular subscriber until 1913. Perhaps the best indicator of her dedication to 'the Cause' was demonstrated in March 1913 when she sold a bracelet and donated the sale proceeds to the WSPU.&#13;
Isabel was born on 22nd of August 1885 in Garston, Liverpool, to Thomas Fell Abraham and his first wife Margaret. By 1891 the Abraham family had moved to Birkenhead, residing at 53 Bidston Road, Oxton (point on the map is approximated due to redevelopment). Interestingly, Isabel and her family are descendants of Quaker founder Margaret Fell. In 1904, Isabel secured a place to study History at Liverpool University. While there, she was elected Joint President of the Student Guild. In addition to her Student Guild responsibilities, she was President of the Women's Christian Union and Chair of the Women's Debating Society. The 1911 census return for 53 Bidston Road does not list Isabel as a resident. Her absence was likely a deliberate act of evasion on Isabel's behalf as part of the suffragette boycott of the census. Isabel's teaching records state that she was working as a teacher at County High School for Girls, Wellington in 1911, but there is no trace of her on the census there either. Perhaps Isabel attended the Census Boycott party hosted by local Liverpool suffragette Dr. Alice Ker. In her diaries, Dr. Ker recorded a ‘Miss Abraham’ leaving her home the next day around 5.30.  However, Dr. Ker may have been referring to another local suffragette called Dorothy Abraham, so this is unclear. Either way, we know Isabel spent some time back in Birkenhead that year because she sent a Christmas Greetings Note on WSPU headed paper from the family home in Bidston Road. In 1915, Isabel married William Ross McGregor, a civil engineer from London. Shortly after getting married, Isabel and William relocated to Nairobi where Isabel continued her suffrage campaigning founding the East Africa Women's League in 1917. By the early 1920s, Isabel was living with her husband and two sons at Swarthmoor Hall, Cumbria (the ancestral home of Margaret Fell). In 1933, Isabel was appointed Vice-Chair of the British branch of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Later in life, she wrote a biography of Margaret Fell called ‘Margaret Fell: Mother of Quakerism’. This book is still in circulation and is considered a key Quaker history text. Contributed by Jo Donnelly, Women's History Blogger, www.theherstorianmum.co.uk. Sources: Copy of Birth Certificate via GRO website; Record Set National School Admission Registers, Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York; Sarah Shields ‘Among Friends: The Story of The Mount School, York’ (2007); Marij van Helmond ‘Dr Alice Ker Diaries - Votes for Women: The Events on Merseyside 1870-1928’ (1992);  &#13;
https://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/artifact/votes-women-christmas-wishes&#13;
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>The only child of Reverend William Duncombe to reach adulthood, Isabel, her mother Isabelle and her father William, were all involved in suffrage campaigning in Hereford. Isabel and her family lived alongside the suffrage campaigners (see) Rev George Davis and his more militant wife Ethel Davis in The Cloisters. However, Isabel appears to have been a law abiding suffragist having membership of the NUWSS. She is found contributing to the NUWSS Women's Suffrage Pilgrimage, where women walked to London from all over the country, with her father in the NUWSS newspaper The Common Cause in 1913. She supported local campaigning for women's suffrage during the Hereford by-election in March 1912, working alongside (see) Mabel Chave and the Davis's.  Isabel complied with the 1911 census, describing herself under occupation as a "gentlewoman".  Her mother died in 1918, and Isabel and her father then moved to Cheltenham. She never married and died in 1947, leaving £18,000 in her will. Contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser, Clare Wichbold MBE.</text>
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                    <text>Israel Zangwill c. 1901. Source: The National Portrait Gallery.</text>
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                    <text>Israel Zangwill 1909. Source: The Vote, 16 December 1909 (courtesy The Women's Library LSE).</text>
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                    <text>The Zangwills 1911 census from with protest statement. Source: courtesy The National Archives</text>
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                    <text>Blue Plaque on Far End (now 63) Sea Lane, East Preston, Littlehampton. Source: courtesy East Preston Parish Council.</text>
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                    <text>Israel Zangwill c. 1900. Source: The National Portrait Gallery.</text>
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              <text>Evades</text>
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              <text>Author and dramatist Israel Zangwill (1864-1926) was associated with several suffrage societies. In 1903 he married Edith Ayrton who was also active in the suffrage movement. In 1906 he told Edith Palliser, secretary of the London Society for Women’s Suffrage, that he was too busy to address suffrage meetings. In December 1907, Israel spoke at the first big public meeting held by the MLWS; he later became one of its Vice-Presidents. On 21 June 1908, the Zangwills took part in the WSPU’s ‘Women’s Sunday’ procession to Hyde Park, riding in a four-horse coach with HG Wells, Thomas Hardy, and others. Later that year Zangwill criticised certain militant methods, and in February 1909 he was the principal speaker at an Exeter Hall meeting organised by non-militant societies. In May 1909 he addressed an NUWSS meeting in Cambridge; the following month he spoke for the WSPU in London. By the end of the year, he was supporting the WFL; a full-page profile in its paper Vote described him as ‘witty, ironic and brilliant’. In April 1911, the Zangwills joined the organised boycott of the census choosing to evade. Their servants were recorded and the Zangwills left a signed note on the census (see image) stating ‘The rest of the household is not entered as we feel that until women have the political rights of citizens, they should not perform the duties of citizens’. In June, Zangwill was in the writers’ contingent of the WSPU Coronation procession and on the platform at its Albert Hall finale. The Actresses’ Franchise League, the International Women’s Suffrage Club, and the Men’s International Alliance for Women’s Suffrage were among other organisations addressed by him. In November 1912 he expressed support for the new Jewish League for Women’s Suffrage, and by 1913 was speaking for the Women’s Tax Resistance League. In May 1913 Zangwill wound up an Oxford Union debate at which a women’s suffrage resolution was carried for the first time. He was involved in protests at this time against force feeding - of Hugh Franklin of the Men’s Political Union as well as of women prisoners – and the Cat and Mouse Act. In Sussex as elsewhere, Zangwill supported both constitutional and militant suffrage societies. In May 1911 he addressed a meeting of the Worthing Women’s Franchise Society presided over by (see) Lady Maud Parry; in February 1914 a meeting of the Littlehampton Women’s Suffrage Society, chaired by Alys Russell. In December 1912 WSPU organiser (see) Greta Allen reported two meetings in Chichester addressed by Zangwill and Alice Abadam, one disrupted by ‘hooligans.’ In February 1913 Zangwill became involved in a scuffle with Worthing hooligans shouting down his wife and other WSPU speakers at the Kursaal. When the United Suffragists was formed early in 1914, Israel and Edith Zangwill became Vice-Presidents, and as a United Suffragists speaker 1915 Zangwill demanded that the ‘Women’s Voice’ be heard in any Peace Settlement. Zangwill’s most memorable speeches were published as pamphlets by the Woman’s Press. Several were delivered at the Albert Hall on behalf of either the WSPU or the NUWSS, and Zangwill attributed the success of one speech, at a WSPU meeting in Nov 1910, to Miss Rosa Leo, voice coach to WSPU speakers: ‘Thanks to your teachings I spoke for nearly an hour at the Albert Hall without weariness – at least to myself – while my voice carried to every part of the hall’. Rosa Leo used this endorsement for months to come in her suffrage press advertisements. Sources: Women’s Library (WL 9/01/0118) letter 10 April 1906 to Miss Edith Palliser; Pall Mall Gazette; Cambridge Independent Press; Times; Common Cause; Suffragette; Vote; Votes for Women; Women’s Franchise; Eastbourne Gazette; West Sussex Gazette; Worthing Gazette; Jewish Chronicle. Contributed by: Frances Stenlake, Independent Writer &amp; Researcher.</text>
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                    <text>Jaakoff Prelooker. Source: unidentified.</text>
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                    <text>Brookside, Ifield, Crawley. Source: unidentified.</text>
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                    <text>Eastbourne Procession, February 1913.  Jaakoff Prelooker is likely the figure on the right carrying the MLWS banner.</text>
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                    <text>Report on the procession. Source: Eastbourne Gazette, 12th Feb, 1913.</text>
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              <text>Jaakoff Prelooker (1860-1935) a Russian teacher and writer who advocated international peace, women’s rights and religious tolerance, lost his position in a Russian Government school and was excommunicated by the Jewish Assembly in Odessa as a heretic. He fled to London and in 1905 married an Englishwoman. The couple and their daughter moved first from Brixton to Eastbourne. They were living at Brookside, Ifield, Crawley by March 1908 when Prelooker was summoned to Horsham Police Court for withholding his rates and taxes as a protest against the political disqualification of women. On the Saturday that the police were due at 4pm to execute a distress warrant and seize Prelooker’s furniture, two open-air ‘demonstrations’ were arranged: at 3pm in the grounds of Prelooker’s house, and at 5.30pm in the High Street. Edith New and Nancy Lightman of the WSPU arrived from London with a ‘Votes for Women’ banner to attach to the Brookside gates. They and Prelooker delivered speeches to the assembled crowd but the police did not turn up. Their disappointed audience dispersed. The speakers then moved to the High Street to address another large crowd. The police postponed their visit until the Monday when the sums due and Court expenses were fully paid by Prelooker who announced that his object had been achieved: to make a moral protest for the purpose of public enlightenment. Later in 1908, during the four-month WFL caravan tour of Kent, Surrey and Sussex undertaken by Muriel Matters, Prelooker was ‘of great assistance’, and hosted a meeting in Crawley addressed by Edith How Martyn. In December 1912 he chaired a meeting at the town’s Railway Hotel addressed by Goldfinch Bate, of the International Women’s Franchise Club, and Dr Charles Drysdale, fellow member of the MLWS, who had a home in Henfield. In February 1913 Prelooker organised an exhibition in Eastbourne Town Hall on behalf of the MLWS. All the major suffrage societies took part and the event began with a procession round the town led by Prelooker carrying a NUWSS banner. The object of the exhibition was to demonstrate the extent of the women’s suffrage movement and displays included the products of sweated industries. Among the leading activists who made speeches were Edith Zangwill of the WSPU and the Jewish League for Women’s Suffrage, Revd Claude Hinscliff, founder with his wife Gertrude of the Church League for Women’s Suffrage, Margaret Kineton-Parkes of the WTRL, and Dr Charles Drysdale. The exhibition resulted in the formation of a branch of the MLWS in Eastbourne and new members for the NUWSS. In November 1912 Prelooker attended the first Congress of the Men’s International Alliance for Women’s Suffrage, held in London, and in August 1913 he represented this organisation at the 20th Universal Peace Conference at The Hague. Prelooker also continued to participate in local suffrage events. At a rally in Horsham’s Causeway in May 1913 of Florence de Fonblanque’s Marchers qui Vive, the speakers were ‘thanked at some length by a gentleman of markedly un-English appearance and a foreign accent’. Please note: 'Brookside' no longer exists and so its position on the map is approximate. Sources: East Grinstead Observer; Sussex County Herald; West Sussex County Times; Eastbourne Gazette; Suffragette; Women’s Franchise; The Vote. Contributed by independent researcher &amp; writer Frances Stenlake.</text>
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                    <text>Frederick Pethick Lawrence, Flora Drummond, Jennie Baines and Emmeline Pethick Lawrence c. 1906-1910. Source: The Women's Library (LSE) ref 7JCC/O/02/130.</text>
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                    <text>Jennie Baines address at Trafalgar Square following release from Armley Gaol, 12 December 1908. Source: https://uonblogs.newcastle.edu.au/anzacherstory/2016/06/20/anti-war-women/jennie-baines-1908/</text>
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                    <text>Jennie Baines in gaol in 1914. Source: Criminal Record Office, held by National Portrait Gallery ref NPG x45565.</text>
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                    <text>Jennie's 1911 census record. Source: courtesy of The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Born in Birmingham, Jennie (Sarah Jane) Baines was the daughter of James Hunt, gunmaker, and Sarah Ann. She started working with her mother in a gun factory when she was 11. She later recorded that she was educated in the spirit of rebellion by the Salvation Army. On 16 September 1888, she married a boot-maker, George Baines, and had five children. Only three of them survived childhood. Jennie joined the WSPU in 1903, after witnessing Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenney at the Free Trade Hall. In 1906, she went to London as an organizer for the WSPU - asked by Mrs Pankhurst. She was arrested on 13 December 1906 at the entrance to the House of Commons and completed a sentence of 14 days in Holloway prison. In her own words, this experience reinforced her concern for the treatment of women prisoners and made her more of a rebel than ever. After her first imprisonment as a suffragette, Jennie Baines was very active as a full-time organiser for the WSPU, focused on the Midlands and North of England including Leeds and Manchester. She was the main speaker on one of the platforms at the WSPU June 1908 Hyde Park demonstration. That year she wrote a handbill, published by the Woman's Press, titled "The Labour of Married Women: a working woman's reply to Mr John Burns". She was arrested on many occasions over the years, served prison sentences in different gaols where she performed several hunger strikes. The Criminal Record Office considered her a "Known Militant Suffragette" and circulated her photograph and description: 4' 10", brown eyes, dark brown hair. In 1913, Jennie was arrested and sentenced to one month imprisonment. She was warned that her body could not undergo another hunger strike because her health had already deteriorated as a result of her many prison sentences, hunger strikes and subsequent force-feedings. For this reason, Jennie escaped to Australia with her family where her activism continued. She became an organizer for the Women's Political Association, and joined the Socialist party with her husband. She also co-founded the Women's Peace Army and was elected officer in 1917. In 1919, she was arrested and sentenced to six months imprisonment in Melbourne. She was the first hunger-striker in Australia and was released within four days. She was a founding member of the Victorian branch of the Communist Party in 1920 but was expelled in 1925. In 1928 she was appointed a Children's Court magistrate in Port Melbourne. In 1911, Jennie was living at 66 Chatham Street, Stockport. Despite her very active profile in the suffragette movement, she did not participate in the census protest in 1911 as her census form (see image) shows. There is no clear evidence of the reasons behind her decision not to participate in the boycott, but it may have been due to the economic situation of her family (taking part in the boycott carried a potential fine), the lack of support networks for the protest in her local area, or that her own priorities as an activist were closer to working class women’s issues, which the census, recording things like overcrowding and child deaths, could be used to argue for social reform. She was described thus in the WSPU newspaper 'Votes for Women': 'A woman whose soul is filled with passionate desire to rescue the oppressed, who hates compromise, who is a stranger to fear - such a woman is Mrs Baines'. Jennie Baines died in 1951. Sources:  Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester: Manchester Uni Press, 2014); Elizabeth Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 (Routledge, 1999); J Smart, Baines [née Hunt], Sarah Jane [Jennie] (1866–1951), suffragette and social reformer. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004). Retrieved 26 Aug. 2020; Votes For Women, 23 August, 1912. Contributed by Oihane Etayo, Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>Manchester suffragettes in their 'census lodge' Denison House on census night. Source: courtesy of Lt Col. Sydney Brock's Collection (private).</text>
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                    <text>Manchester census 'sleepover' at Denison House in 1911. Source: courtesy Lt Col. Sydney Brock Collection (private).</text>
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                    <text>Denison House survives and is currently used as a Chinese consulate building. Source: http://manchester.china-consulate.org/eng/zlsg/zlgxx/t142849.htm</text>
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              <text>Jessie (Sara) Stephenson (1873-1966) was born in Louth, Lincolnshire. Her father was a farmer and she grew up in a family with very strict views on women’s roles linked to the private, domestic sphere. However, despite her parents’ initial reluctance, Jessie moved abroad and lived in Germany and France with their consent, while working as an English teacher. In 1907, she started campaigning for the votes for women campaign with the WSPU. On 21 June 1908, she was the chief Marshall of the Paddington section of the WSPU rally in Hyde Park, speaking from platform no. 20. A few days later she was chosen to take part in a WSPU deputation to the House of Commons. She managed to enter the House of Commons, and almost succeeded in entering the Central Hall according to her own accounts. In November 1910, she was arrested after breaking a window to protest about police brutality against suffrage activists in Parliament Square during "Black Friday". She was sentenced to one month's imprisonment in Holloway, losing her job as a secretary to a barrister and her family’s support. In 1911 she went to Manchester to work as a WSPU organizer. In April, she organised a census night protest for women who wanted to evade the census without legal consequences. She rented Denison House (see images) - her census lodge - and publicly invited ‘every woman who could help in this great protest’, announcing lodging and entertainment there on 2nd April from 4pm through to 3rd April at 4pm in the WSPU newspaper Votes for Women. On census night, 208 people participated in the protest there (see images) including figures such as Flora Drummond and Mabel Capper. In her autobiographical account, Jessie wrote that she filled in the census schedule herself writing: “this house is crowded with women who refuse to fill in the Census until women are recognised as persons and have the vote”. However, the document available from The National Archives (see image) is not the form she described. Instead, it is filled in and signed by the registrar. Only Jessie’s name is recorded as an ‘Organizing Secretary WSPU’, 'about 40 years old' and single, along with 155 other women and 52 men present. The registrar noted ‘suffragists here to avoid census’. Sources: Jill Liddington (2014) Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester: Manchester Uni Press); Elizabeth Crawford (1999) The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 (London: Routledge). Contributed by Oihane Etayo (Warwick University).</text>
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              <text>Jessie was born in Ontario, Canada in 1875. She married Dr. William Fraser Annand and the couple had two children together. They likely moved to Coventry in 1909, whereupon Dr. Annand went into practice with Dr. Frederick Harman Brown - a partnership that lasted until the latter retired in 1919. Jessie soon joined the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (the local branch of the law abiding NUWSS) along with the wife of her husband's business partner (see) Mrs. Dora Harman-Brown. Jessie was regular at suffrage meetings in the city and was active in a number of women's organisations over the years. She was Vice president of the Coventry Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) and a member of the local branch of the National Council for Women that sought to tackle gender inequality. She was also a keen worker at Coventry and Warwickshire Hospital. Jessie died at Clive house - the former home of friends the Harman-Brown's - in February 1939. A large memorial service was held for her at Coventry Cathedral and was very well attended. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>It is not clear where exactly in Pittern Hill Jessie and her husband Mr P. C Puckle lived, but it was a large house with 19 rooms and was the first in Kineton to unstall electric lighting. Jessie attended a number of CUWFA meetings in 1911. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together.&#13;
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