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                    <text>Source: The National Portrait Gallery.</text>
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                    <text>Masterman continues his votes for women campaigning after his move from Coventry to London by holding public meetings. Source: The Mid Sussex Times, 11 Feb, 1923.</text>
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              <text>John Howard Bertram Masterman was born in 1867 in Tunbridge Wells. He was educated at Weymouth College and at St John's College, Cambridge, and was appointed Canon of Birmingham cathedral in 1906. In 1907, he took charge of St Michael's, Coventry, where he also took up the votes for women cause. He became a speaker at suffrage meetings, and accompanied his wife - a member of the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society - to meetings on numerous occasions. In 1912, the couple left Coventry, when John was asked by the Archbishop of Canterbury to take a new post at Mary-le-bow in Cheapside, London. However, he did not leave behind the suffrage cause. In 1913, he held a public women's suffrage rally in his new London parish, where he made clear his ardent support but his disagreement with the suffragettes militant tactics. Speaking at the rally about suffrage campaigning, he said, 'it did not matter only that they did win, it mattered how they won...' and campaigners should '...resolve that they would come through with untarnished hands, even if the fight took longer to win'. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>1911 census for John Marsh and family. Courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>John's role in the Conservative Association. Isle of Wight County Press 17 Nov 1906</text>
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                    <text>John speaks at a suffrage meeting. Isle of Wight Chronicle 24 October 1912</text>
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                    <text>John chairs a CLWS meeting. Church League For Women's Suffrage 1 May 1913</text>
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                    <text>Portsmouth Evening News 1 Feb 1912</text>
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                    <text>Portsmouth Evening News 19 May 1913</text>
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              <text>John was born in 1846 in Sandgate, Kent. He married Hannah Alice Spurr in 1877, and they would go on to have one daughter and two sons. John moved to the Isle of Wight in 1879, starting as the clerk for the clerk of the Shanklin local board and burial board. He became the town clerk of Shanklin in 1884, a position he would hold for 41 years until his death. Before this, he had other positions within local government. He acted as an agent for Major General Seely during the Boer War in 1900. He was an active member of the Island’s Conservative association, and by 1906, he was secretary for the association. John was also a practising solicitor and was a prominent figure in the police courts and in lawsuits. He complied with the 1911 census.  He was recorded living at his home, St Margarets Dene in Shanklin with his wife and 3 children (see map for approximate position). John was chairman of the Shanklin branch of the Church League for Women’s Suffrage, which was formed at the beginning of 1912. His daughter, Margaret Marsh, was made the Honorary Secretary of the CLWS Shanklin branch.  In February of that year, he chaired a meeting at the smaller co-operative hall in Shanklin in which he shared how he’d believed in women’s suffrage since the beginning of his interactions with politics. In May, he presided over an open-air meeting in Shanklin Square for visiting suffragists Mrs J.E. Francis of Brighton and Miss L Corben of London. In July, he travelled to the House of Commons alongside fellow Island suffragette Viscountess Eleanor Gort and other members of the movement. They travelled to ask for the MP for the Isle of Wight, Douglas Hall, to support amendments to current legislation to allow for the vote to be extended to women. In October of 1912, he chaired a meeting at Sandown Town Hall in which he apologised for his presence as he was sure everyone in the area and beyond knew his views on the topic. Norah O’Shea, parliamentary secretary of the Surrey Sussex and Hants branch of NUWSS, was a speaker at the meeting. He continued to regularly chair meetings in 1913, including one for the NUWSS and a National meeting for the CLWS. In 1914, he attended a well-attended meeting of the CLWS in Ryde. John became president of the Shanklin Conservative Association in 1923. John died in December 1925, aged 79. He had been Ill for the year leading up to his death, preventing him from working as Shanklin town clerk. He left behind his wife and three children, including his eldest son, Colonel Frank Harrison Marsh, who commanded of the Isle of Wight Rifles for a period of time. Sources: I have used various local newspaper a selection of which are featured as clippings. Contributed by Becca Aspden, URSS student researcher, History Dept., Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>John Percival. Source: Postcard, private collection, Clare Wichbold.</text>
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                    <text>John Percival's home at The Palace, Hereford (entrance). Source: Clare Wichbold.</text>
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                    <text>John Percival's home at The Palace, Hereford. Source: Clare Wichbold.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>John Percival (1834-1918) hailed from Westmorland. He studied theology at Queen’s College Oxford and spent many years in education, including as the first Head Teacher of Clifton College, Bristol, and Headmaster of Rugby School.  Married in 1862, he and his first wife Louisa had eight children. Percival championed the cause of women’s rights throughout his teaching career. He was involved in the foundation of Somerville Hall (now Somerville College, Oxford) in 1879. In 1888 he appointed Marie Beauclerc to teach shorthand to boys at Rugby School, the first woman to hold such a teaching post. He became Bishop of Hereford in 1895 and was widowed the following year. He found working in a large rural diocese with very conservative views a struggle. However, together with other liberal clergymen, Bishop Percival expressed support for women’s suffrage in print and at meetings. He remarried in 1899 to Mary Georgina Symonds from Oxford.  As bishop of Hereford, his usual address was The Palace, Hereford where he is located on the map. However, in 1911 Bishop Percival was visiting Much Wenlock when the government census survey was taken, staying at the Vicarage with the Reverend Edwin Bartlett. Mrs Percival was visiting her sister in Oxford and also completed the census.  Bishop Percival was active in condemning the forced feeding of women prisoners, and again spoke out for those detained under the so called ‘Cat and Mouse’ Act or The Prisoners (Temporary Discharge for Ill-Health) Act 1913. This allowed the authorities to release hunger strikers until they had regained their health, then re-arrest them in a continuous cycle. He was a member of the Church League for Womens Suffrage, named in the list of clergymen printed in the June 1912 CLWS newspaper. In February 1914 he added his name to the long list of clergymen who wrote in support of the women’s suffrage petition and voted in support of Lord Selborne’s Bill for the enfranchisement of women in June 1914.  Bishop Percival later became a vice president of the CLWS, but the loss of his son Lt-Col. Arthur Jex-Blake Percival early in World War I was a severe blow. He became an ardent pacifist and found his views increasingly at odds with the established church. Bishop Percival retired in 1917, and moved to Oxford, where he died the following year. He was buried at Clifton College in Bristol. Source: Oxford DNB. Contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser Clare Wichbold, MBE.</text>
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              <text>Josephine Gonne was born in Natal in South Africa in 1866.  By 1894 she had married Capt. Charles Melvill Gonne of the Royal Artillery and given birth to a son in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. By 1901, the family had moved to Kent where Josephine was in a partnership with an electrical engineer’s business in Canterbury, although this was dissolved in 1906.  The couple were active in the suffrage movement from at least 1910 (see separate entry for Charles Gonne).  Their son Vere Carol Melvill Gonne (1894-1961) was also a suffrage supporter who donated to the Men’s Political Union for Women’s Enfranchisement. In 1911, Josephine wrote to the Common Cause newspaper defending the policy of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) and its interruption of a Liberal meeting at Bath.  She donated to WSPU campaigns several times in the following years and also belonged to the Women’s Tax Resistance League (WTRL) which campaigned under the slogan ‘No Vote, No Tax’. During early 1911, Charles was on the electoral register in London and the couple were active in the WSPU branch in the King’s Road, Chelsea.  No record has been found of Charles, Josephine, or their son in the census of April 1911, so it is possible that they evaded it as per WSPU and WTRL policy. By the autumn, they had moved to 'Hazeldene' Sylvan Way, Bognor Regis, West Sussex (the location is approximated on the map) where Josephine hosted an “At Home” for a local suffrage society that included militant and non-militant campaigners and at which her husband and Evelyn Sharp spoke. Perhaps the most dramatic moment in Josephine’s campaigning came when Charles was imprisoned in December 1913 for refusing to pay taxes on her behalf.  ‘The Vote’ newspaper complimented Josephine on her “plucky fight” in support of her husband. She sent a telegram to the King giving the facts of the case but was told to submit her petition to the monarch via the Home Secretary.  She declined this “doubtful privilege”, asking to present it through a military officer instead.  Fortunately, Charles was released within 48 hours and Vere made a public statement supporting him. Josephine died four years later in February 1917, aged around fifty.  In her will she left over £2000 to her husband (worth approx. £150,000 today).  By then Vere had joined the Royal Garrison Artillery in line with his family’s military tradition, eventually becoming an acting major. Contributed by art historian, Dr Diana Wilkins with additional information provided by Frances Stenlake and Tara Morton.</text>
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              <text>Katherine Felicia Harvey (1870 - 1946) was also known as Catherine Harvey, Felicia Kate Harvey and Katherine Felicia Harvey. She was profoundly deaf, had been married to Frank Harvey with 3 daughters, but was widowed at a young age. She was a physiotherapist and an early practitioner of physical therapy with the disabled children she cared for. In that time, this was extremely unusual: society was such that women were not encouraged to work in the medical profession and certainly not in roles that required physical contact. Kate had a long history of association with the suffrage movement. In 1882, a meeting of the Bromley, Beckenham and Shortlands Women’s Suffrage Society was held at her house and she was secretary. The following year the Society held its first annual general meeting at her house. Kate was a leading member of the WFL from 1910, and in 1911 assisted leader Charlotte Despard with the King George V Women’s Coronation Procession. Kate and Charlotte Despard became close friends: recorded in Charlotte’s diary on 12 January 1912, is ‘the anniversary of our love’ which has caused much speculation as to the exact nature of Kate and Charlotte’s relationship. In the 1911 census, the enumerator wrote ‘House filled with suffragettes who refuse information.’ Kate was also a member of the Women’s Tax Resistance League (WTRL) and engaged in a 2-year battle with Kent County Council for refusing to pay a stamp to obtain a licence for her gardener. For 8-months’ Kate barricaded herself in her house to avoid being arrested. The barricade was broken by bailiffs and she was arrested. In August 1913, Kate refused to pay and was sentenced to 2-months’ in Holloway. Kate was the first person sentenced under the Insurance Act: protests were made about the inequality of Kate’s treatment in comparison to the fines imposed on men for the same offence. Kate only served 1-month of her sentence due to concerns for her health.  She received a suffragist’s prison medal for her courage. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Source: Obituary Kate Close 1926 CLWS paper</text>
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                    <text>CLWS General council meeting, July 1913 in Brighton. Kate is pictured centre (annotated 8). Source: The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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              <text>Katherine Louisa Naomi Close (1871-1926) or Kate Close was born in Leeds in 1871 to Prudence and Richard Close, clergyman. After 1901 she lived in Worthing and Hove. Kate was a governess and a born organiser. She was secretary of the Worthing branch of the Children’s Union of the Church of England Waifs’ and Strays’ Society in June 1907, increasing membership from six to sixty children in a few months. In 1911, Kate was living in Hove, Sussex with her mother, aunt and sisters Evelyne and Ethel at 48 Rutland Gardens, Hove. Her married sister (see) Elizabeth Close Shipham, living in Lewisham, often visited. Her brother, Richard Bevill Middleton Close was a clergyman in Middlesborough. Kate’s involvement in the Church League for Women’s Suffrage (CLWS) seems to have started through her sister, Elizabeth who was on the Executive Committee. Kate Close spoke on prison reform to the Brighton and Hove CLWS in October 1911. In ‘Votes for Women’ in November 1911, Kate offered to copy extracts from articles in Braille. Kate evaded the government's 1911 census staying away from her home at 48 Rutland Gardens - as did her sister Elizabeth in Lewisham. Their mother, Prudence had two of Elizabeth’s children staying with her there, and their sisters Evelyne and Ethel, aunt Naomi and the Swiss-born servant, Jeanne were all recorded as suffrage workers there. At the AGM in February 1912, the Brighton and Hove CLWS elected Kate Close as Branch Secretary. Meetings were held at 48 Rutland Gardens, Hove until an office was rented in Brighton in 1913. Kate arranged bicycle rides to surrounding villages to hold open air meetings twice weekly in the summer of 1912. The CLWS General Council meeting in July 1913 was held in Brighton and Hove, organised by Kate and the committee. The programme involved a public reception, church services and General Council meeting. Kate wrote: ‘The Reception was a financial success but the success was also there of added spiritual zeal and increased enthusiasm for the Cause’. Her organisational skills were praised by Rev. Claude Hinscliff in his meeting report. Kate remained Branch Secretary until the closure of the office in 1919. She became secretary of the Brighton branch of the Women’s Freedom League in 1923. Kate Close died in 1926. Her obituary described her as a skillful artist, expert teacher, untiring cyclist, excellent swimmer and loyal colleague. It went on to give more insights into her ‘unique personality’ in glowing terms (see image). Researched &amp; contributed by local and family historian Margaret Scott who is related to the Shipham family.</text>
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              <text>Lady Willoughby de Broke was CUWFA president in 1911. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together. She was very active not only in campaigning for women's suffrage, but in working for a number of other social and economic causes such as enquiries into domestic service. Their house at Compton Verney was used by the Willoughby de Broke's for a number of CUWFA meetings in 1911. The couple also used Woodley House in nearby Kineton and were resident there when the census was taken in 1911.</text>
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                    <text>Laura Ainsworth in 1911. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>The 1911 census form for 32 Stuart Road, Gillingham, Laura's usual lodgings, but she is absent. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Laura prepares for the upcoming census boycott. Source: Votes For Women, 3 March, 1911 p. 360.</text>
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                    <text>The 1911 census form for Jezreel Hall, then a Dance Academy, where Laura organized a suffragette census evasion. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>Laura Frances Ainsworth was born in 1885 in Northumberland and became a teacher. However, she gave up her position to work as an organiser for the WSPU first in London and then in Birmingham. It was in Birmingham that she was arrested in 1909, for participating in the disruption of a meeting being held by the Prime Minister at Bingley Hall. Laura immediately went on hunger strike in Winson Green prison where she was forcibly fed. She, it was remarked, 'is very determined and it is necessary still to administer food through the tube' (see our Suffrage Glossary under resources for an explanation of Force Feeding). Once released, she was taken to a nursing home to recover. Like many WSPU organisers, Laura's life was peripatetic over the next few years. She worked in Bradford, Bolton, back in London, in Southend, Maidstone and Gillingham. Laura was lodging at (now) 32 Stuart Road in Gillingham in 1911 but was absent from her usual address when the government census survey was taken. That's because as a committed suffragette she was overseeing a mass census evasion of suffragettes elsewhere in Gillingham - at Jezreel Hall, in Canterbury Street. The census return for this evasion, tracked down by suffrage historian Elizabeth Crawford (see images) shows the census official recorded at the Hall (then a Dance Academy) a 'Party of suffragettes assembled' consisting of 1 male and 39 females - a considerable evasion. The 'Party' were discovered by the census official after a tip off by the police who were called to the Hall to investigate due to the noise made by the over exuberant suffragettes inside - undoing their own plans to hide out unnoticed! Laura resigned from the WSPU in 1912, when the Pankhurst's split with the well respected Pethick-Lawrences who had been with the WSPU since its very beginning. In 1913, she became secretary for the North-East branch of the National Political League which aimed to push social and political reforms for women and for men - a predicate of which was the granting of the vote to women. Laura died in 1958. Sources: Information provided by Elizabeth Crawford. To read more on Laura's census night exploits, view Crawford's excellent blog on Laura Ainsworth at https://womanandhersphere.com/2013/11/11/suffrage-stories-the-1911-census-the-gillingham-suffragettes-boycott/</text>
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                    <text>Laura Ridding 1900 (Photo: Ernest H Mills) Source: image ref NTGM012018 courtesy Nottingham City Council (www.picturethepast.org.uk).</text>
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              <text>Lady Laura Palmer was born in London in 1849 the daughter of the First Earl of Shelbrooke. In 1876, she married George Ridding, who in 1884 became Bishop of Southwell, Nottingham so the couple moved there. Laura was a keen suffragist though this was something she had to downplay because of her husband’s prominent role in the church. Nonetheless, she was very active in social projects for women and girls in Nottingham, for example, founding a rescue home - Southwell House in Broad Marsh and Hope Lodge - for girls in prostitution. She was also involved in campaigning for better factory conditions and reduced hours helping set up in 1895 the National Union of Women’s Workers, and was involved in the Girls’ Evening Home Movement – clubs to keep young working women off the streets and out of pubs. She was responsible for founding Family Care, an organisation still helping families today. She was also a Poor Law Guardian and rural district Councillor for Southwell Union from 1895 – 1904 at which time her husband died. In 1911, she spent some time with her sister and brother-in-law, the Earl, and Countess Waldergrave in London, where she can be found on the census. She later appears as one of the patrons of a fete held in aid of the East Midlands Federation of the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies in 1912, though by this time she had moved back to live at a former residence the Rectory in Wonston, Hampshire. Laura among her other activities, wrote for various periodicals and the Times newspaper on subjects such as women’s education. She wrote three biographies of her husband, sister, and nephew. She also wrote a historical novel ‘By Weeping Cross’ in 1899. During WWI she remained active in the Soldiers and Sailors Family Association, the Women’s War Agricultural Committee, and the YWCA (Young Women’s Christian Association).  Laura died in 1939 and is buried alongside her husband in Southwell where she did so much good work. Source: No Surrender: Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire - NWHG. Contributed by Nottingham Women's History Group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk.</text>
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