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              <text>Assistant school mistress</text>
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              <text>Lucy Dilger was born in 1880, the daughter of Dominic and Mary Clara Dilger immigrants from Baden in Germany. She was an assistant school mistress in 1911 when the family were living at 10 Clifton Street, Wolverhampton. We know little else about Lucy at this time except that she belonged to the Wolverhampton branch of the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies. She was listed as Superintendent of the Entertainment Department, 1912-1914, and the “Misses Dilger” were actively involved collecting subscriptions and delivering notices in the district of Tettenhall Road. The Society’s annual report 1913 – 1914 also includes an account of a play produced by a Miss Dilger, entitled “The Better Half”, in January 1914, and that “The majority of the characters were excellently portrayed, and all who attended will, we feel sure, be glad to learn they helped to add a very substantial sum to our exchequer.” Lucy never married, and died in Hove, Sussex, in 1946. Contributed by Heidi McIntosh, Senior Archivist, Wolverhampton Archives. Can you tell us more about the Dilger family? Could you be related? Could you provide a photograph of the house or street? If so please contact us via the project website. </text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>NUWSS shop, Crescent Road, Tunbridge Wells. Source: courtesy The Women's Library, LSE.</text>
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              <text>The Wildernesse, Pembury Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent</text>
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              <text>Lydia (1843-1927) was the Treasurer of the Tunbridge Wells Women’s Suffrage Society. On the 1911 census, by the names of two of Lydia’s servants was written ’suffragist’ (see Sarah Reynolds and Caroline Marchant). No further information is known at this stage about any involvement they may have had in the suffrage movement. Lydia’s family began by supporting the WSPU.  In 1908 her daughters Dorothy and (see) May, with friend Gladys Sherris (Henfield) were driven by Lydia’s elder son from Tunbridge Wells to London to participate in the WSPU 21st of June procession. Their motor car was described as being ‘brilliantly decorated for the occasion, with rosettes in green, white and purple’ and with a small “Votes for Women” placard fixed in front of the car and a large notice advertising the demonstration hanging out at the back. Later that year, however, Dorothy was to found the Tunbridge Wells branch of the WFL. Another of Lydia’s daughters, Kate, was arrested after taking part in a WSPU demonstration in November 1910. Lydia participated in the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London in 1913 entertaining 30 to 40 guests at her house. In the same year, a Miss Le Lacheur attended a meeting about the Tunbridge Wells Nevill Cricket Ground which had been destroyed by suffragettes in an arson attack. This was probably Dorothy who with two other women interrupted the meeting and kept interjecting questions to those speaking against women’s suffrage. For more information see  Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey with thanks to Frances Stenlake for additional advice.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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          <description>The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>The Moor House, Widemarsh Common, Hereford </text>
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              <text>Mabel Chave was the daughter of local chemist William Chave who ran a shop in Broad Street in Hereford. She was born in 1869 and had an elder sister Florence, who does not appear to have played a part in the women's suffrage movement. Mr Chave went on to be elected to the town council in 1886, became mayor in 1891, and a JP in 1893. He died in 1909 and it appears Mabel started campaigning for women's suffrage after his death. She is mentioned in the NUWSS newspaper The Common Cause in 1912, alongside (see) Reverend George and Ethel Davis. She also became a member of the Church League for Womens Suffrage in 1912. Mabel complied with the census in 1911, describing herself as being of "private means". She died in 1920, leaving over £3,000 to her sister. Contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser Clare Wichbold, MBE.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>The Grange, Matfield, Kent</text>
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              <text>Mabel (b. 1876) was Honorary Secretary for Pembury, Matfield and Brenchley NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. She was from Wranby in Lincolnshire and was a Governess at the school in The Grange, Matfield, Brenchley, Kent. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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                    <text>Source: Margaret Ashton (front row, 3rd from left). Source: Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, Wednesday 27 October 1909. Courtesy The Women's Library TWL.2004.524. </text>
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                    <text>Source: Manchester City Art Galleries / Estate of Henry Lamb.</text>
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                    <text>Courtesy: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>British delegation at the 2nd international conference held by the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom conference, Zurich, 1919. See Margaret Ashton back row, far left. Source: Courtesy The Women's Library (LSE) WILPF/22/1.</text>
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              <text>Margaret Ashton (1856–1937) was born on 19 January in Withington, Manchester. She was the third of six daughters and three sons of Thomas Ashton (1818–1898), a Liberal and Unitarian wealthy cotton manufacturer, and his wife, Elizabeth (1831–1914). She never married. Her political career started in 1888 with her contribution to the foundation of the Manchester Women's Guardian Association. In 1895, she joined the Women's Liberal Association, and the following year became a founder member of the Women's Trade Union League. She was elected to the Withington urban district council in 1900 and the Lancashire Local Education Authority in 1903. She was the chair of the North of England Society for Women's Suffrage from 1906 to 1915. She was the society’s representative to the NUWSS and financially supported its newspaper, the Common Cause. In 1906, Margaret Ashton resigned from the Liberal Party after the prime minister refused to introduce a suffrage bill. She was a committed constitutional suffragist, who did not approve of law breaking and the militant tactics of the WSPU. In 1908, she stood as an independent candidate and was the first woman to be elected to the Manchester city council. As a Councillor she worked tirelessly on issues of women's health and education. She supported legislation to improve the conditions of employment for women too. In 1911, she was elected a governor of Manchester High School for Girls and was made a member of the court of governors of the university. Margaret Ashton was also a member of Manchester's public health committee, and chaired its maternity and child welfare subcommittee, supporting the implementation of health reforms that reduced considerably childhood mortality rates. In 1914, she founded the Manchester Babies' Hospital with Dr Catherine Chisholm. Margaret was a dedicated pacifist. She was one of the founders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WIL) in 1915. However, due to her pacifist views she was removed from the council in 1921 - considered ‘pro-German’. Moreover, because of her pacifist ideas, her public contribution and work was never properly acknowledged, and the portrait painted by (see images) Henry Lamb to honour her seventieth birthday was not accepted by the Manchester City Art Gallery at that time in protest. Sources: P. Mohr, Ashton, Margaret (1856–1937), local politician and philanthropist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2012, May 24). Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census, (Manchester: Manchester Uni Press, 2014). Elizabeth&#13;
Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 (London, 1999). Contributed by: Oihane Etayo, Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>By 1919 Margaret had moved to Arlington Street, Leamington. Source: Royal Leamington Spa Courier &amp; Warwickshire Standard, October 3rd, 1919, p. 5.</text>
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              <text>Margaret was born in France in 1880 and by 1911 was living at 12 the Parade, Leamington, lodging with the Graves family who owned a furrier and costumier business. Margaret sat on the subcommittee of the Leamington Conservative and Unionist Women’s Franchise Association (CUWFA). Later in 1912, she also appears as the Honorary Secretary of Leamington’s Church League for Women’s Suffrage (CLWS) so may have been a simultaneous member of both law-abiding groups. Along with other members of the CUWFA, she eschewed suffragette militancy in the local press.&#13;
&#13;
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                    <text>A young  Margaret Russell Cooke then known as 'Maye Dilke'. Source: Courtesy &amp; copyright of The National Portrait Gallery</text>
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                    <text>Bellecroft House. Source: © Rev Robert Rudd, Historic England Archive</text>
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                    <text>Isle of Wight Times, 15 May 1913, noting Margaret's contribution to a woman suffrage debate.</text>
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                    <text>Isle of Wight  County Press 15 Jan 1908 reporting on Margaret and  Eva Baring (see map) stressing the difference between suffragists and suffragettes at a local meeting</text>
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                    <text>Margaret's obituary in the Evening Mail 25 May 1914.</text>
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                    <text>1901 census showing Margaret staying at the family home. Source: courtesy The National Archives</text>
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              <text>Margaret was born in Hampton, Middlesex, on the 4th of September 1857 as Margaret Mary Smith. She was the eldest child of Thomas Eustace Smith, a shipowner and Liberal MP for Tynemouth, and Martha Mary Dalrymple. She was brought up in Newcastle upon Tyne. Her childhood home was destroyed by a suffragette arson in 1914. She was educated in Orleans, where she passed the public exam to become a French schoolmistress. She married Ashton Dilke in 1876, and they had 3 children until Ashton died in 1883. In 1886, she gave evidence in the divorce proceedings of her sister, Virginia Crawford, the founder of the catholic women’s Suffrage Society. Her testimony was loyal to her sister and incriminated her brother-in-law, politician Sir Charles Dilke. From 1879, Margaret was an active member of the National Society for Women’s Suffrage, becoming a member of its executive board in 1883. In 1885, she published a book called “Women’s Suffrage” with a foreword from MP William Woodhall and contributed to an article in 1889 that was a response to an anti-suffragist appeal against women’s suffrage. Alongside the suffrage movement, she was a member of the London school board and advocated for free education from 1888-1891. Margaret attended the International Council of Women in Washington in 1888, travelling with Alice Scatcherd and Laura Ormiston Chant. Margaret married William Russell Cooke, a lawyer and legal advisor for the Liberal Party, in 1891 at Kensington parish church. They had two sons together. Margaret became treasurer of the Central National Society for Women’s Suffrage in 1896. She also became active in the Women’s Emancipation Union in the same year. She advocated in 1897 for the creation of a national council of women to represent all the societies' women took part in. She also opposed provisions which would have curtailed the role of women in local government in 1899 and fought for seats for female shop assistants who worked long hours. After the death of her second husband, William, in 1903, she settled on the Isle of Wight at Bellecroft House in Newport. The house was in the family, as she visited her parents at Bellecroft in 1901 while the census was taking place. On the Island, she worked to form the island's suffragist movement. In 1908, Margaret spoke at a liberal meeting alongside Mrs Baring, who expressed her suffragist views were not the same as the militant suffragettes which the meeting had criticised. Margaret also spoke about education reform on the island, continuing from her days on the London school board. Margaret is absent from the 1911 census with only two servants being recorded at Bellecroft. A newspaper report dated the 22nd of April 1911, thanking those who sent flowers for a church easter festival, records her as away from home. We can reasonably assume she was abroad at this time, as she is not recorded as a visitor elsewhere in the country during the census and as a suffragist we can surmise would otherwise have complied with the census. Margaret was also a part of a town hall debate in Ryde in which she debated against Miss Gladys Potts of the National League Against Women’s Suffrage in May 1913. Margaret continued her support for the cause while battling illness and just weeks before her death, supported the formation of a Newport branch of the NUWSS at the beginning of May 1914 and was the vice president. She held a general meeting at her home, Bellecroft. Margaret died there on the 19th of May 1914. Her eldest son from her second marriage, Sidney Russell Cooke, went on to become a liberal parliamentary candidate and continued to live at Bellecroft. Sources: MacColl, N &amp; Baigent, E, "Dilke, Ashton Wentworth (1850–1883), traveller and politician" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Date of access 2 Aug 2025; Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 18661928 (London,1999). Contributed by Becca Aspden, URSS student researcher, History Dept., Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>One of Margaret's letters. Source: The Common Cause, 14 July, 1910, p. 226.</text>
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                    <text>Advertisement for Margaret's suffrage song. Source: The Common Cause, 27 June 1912, p. 17.</text>
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                    <text>Words from Margaret's suffrage song. Source: Portsmouth Evening News, 3 July 1912, p. 4.</text>
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                    <text>A Portsmouth NUWSS branch gathering in 'The Cottage' garden in 1910. Source: Portsmouth Library.</text>
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                    <text>A letter from Margaret about the proposed NUWSS 'Active Service Corps'. Source: The Common Cause, 26 December 1913, p. 709. </text>
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              <text>Margaret was born in 1860 in Cobham, and was elder sister to Norah O'Shea. Both sisters were active and founding members of the Portsmouth branch of the law abiding NUWSS - part of the Surrey, Sussex and Hants federation. Margaret served as the federation's Honorary secretary and Treasurer. Whereas her sister Norah was an outgoing figure - giving many rousing speeches for the cause - Margaret was an avid letter writer on all matters of women's equality. Her letters appear both in the local press and the NUWSS newspaper 'The Common Cause'. She tackled diverse subjects raised by anti-suffragists: such as sending surplus British women of marriageable age to India to circumvent pressure to grant them the vote at home. And she more sensitively critiqued fellow suffragists - such as a letter about Katherine Harley's proposal to 'militarize' the NUWSS through her 'Active Service Corps' scheme, written on Boxing day (see images). Margaret was a lifelong pacifist. As a law abiding suffragist, Margaret, along with her sister, chose not to take part in the suffrage boycott of the government census survey in 1911. However, the sisters together noted on the census form, how they completed it at The Cottage, 'under protest' , because women could not vote. In 1912, Margaret penned the words for a new 'vigorous' suffrage song entitled 'Forward! Ever Forward!' with music by Miss Emily Jones: 'Truth sets women free - free to her the ballot, Citizen is she'. The sisters often held suffrage events in their garden at The Cottage - perhaps Margaret's own song was enthusiastically  recited there. Throughout her life, Margaret was an active worker in the socialist movement and local Labour Party, a member of the Fareham Board of Guardians and Rural District Council, and was secretary of the local vegetarian society. In a moving tribute article, published upon her death in 1927, local residents wrote: 'She kept an ever open door...Many troubled hearts found their way to 'The Cottage' and were never sent away... When we were sick, she visited us, and no one else were we so glad to see... we learned from her to think of animals in a kinder way... we hope to live out some of the lessons she taught us.' (Hampshire Telegraph &amp; Post, 25 Nov., 1927, p. 5). A remarkable woman. Secondary sources and additional reading: Elizabeth Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (London: 2001); Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester: 2014); Sarah Peacock, Votes for Women: The Women's Fight in Portsmouth (City of Portsmouth: 1983).&#13;
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              <text>Margaret Eleanor Sale (b. 1886) was Honorary Secretary for Ramsgate NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London. In 1913, Margaret was recorded as at 19 Royal Crescent rather than at 8 Royal Crescent her prior address as recorded on the 1911 census. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey.</text>
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