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                    <text>Source: Margaret Ashton (front row, 3rd from left). Source: Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, Wednesday 27 October 1909. Courtesy The Women's Library TWL.2004.524. </text>
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                    <text>Source: Manchester City Art Galleries / Estate of Henry Lamb.</text>
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                    <text>Courtesy: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>British delegation at the 2nd international conference held by the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom conference, Zurich, 1919. See Margaret Ashton back row, far left. Source: Courtesy The Women's Library (LSE) WILPF/22/1.</text>
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              <text>Margaret Ashton (1856–1937) was born on 19 January in Withington, Manchester. She was the third of six daughters and three sons of Thomas Ashton (1818–1898), a Liberal and Unitarian wealthy cotton manufacturer, and his wife, Elizabeth (1831–1914). She never married. Her political career started in 1888 with her contribution to the foundation of the Manchester Women's Guardian Association. In 1895, she joined the Women's Liberal Association, and the following year became a founder member of the Women's Trade Union League. She was elected to the Withington urban district council in 1900 and the Lancashire Local Education Authority in 1903. She was the chair of the North of England Society for Women's Suffrage from 1906 to 1915. She was the society’s representative to the NUWSS and financially supported its newspaper, the Common Cause. In 1906, Margaret Ashton resigned from the Liberal Party after the prime minister refused to introduce a suffrage bill. She was a committed constitutional suffragist, who did not approve of law breaking and the militant tactics of the WSPU. In 1908, she stood as an independent candidate and was the first woman to be elected to the Manchester city council. As a Councillor she worked tirelessly on issues of women's health and education. She supported legislation to improve the conditions of employment for women too. In 1911, she was elected a governor of Manchester High School for Girls and was made a member of the court of governors of the university. Margaret Ashton was also a member of Manchester's public health committee, and chaired its maternity and child welfare subcommittee, supporting the implementation of health reforms that reduced considerably childhood mortality rates. In 1914, she founded the Manchester Babies' Hospital with Dr Catherine Chisholm. Margaret was a dedicated pacifist. She was one of the founders of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WIL) in 1915. However, due to her pacifist views she was removed from the council in 1921 - considered ‘pro-German’. Moreover, because of her pacifist ideas, her public contribution and work was never properly acknowledged, and the portrait painted by (see images) Henry Lamb to honour her seventieth birthday was not accepted by the Manchester City Art Gallery at that time in protest. Sources: P. Mohr, Ashton, Margaret (1856–1937), local politician and philanthropist. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2012, May 24). Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census, (Manchester: Manchester Uni Press, 2014). Elizabeth&#13;
Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide 1866-1928 (London, 1999). Contributed by: Oihane Etayo, Warwick University.</text>
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              <text>Mrs Arbuthnot was accompanied on occasion to meetings by her husband the Rev. George Arbuthnot. Do you know more about the Arbuthnot's? Do get in touch.</text>
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                    <text>By 1919 Margaret had moved to Arlington Street, Leamington. Source: Royal Leamington Spa Courier &amp; Warwickshire Standard, October 3rd, 1919, p. 5.</text>
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              <text>Margaret was born in France in 1880 and by 1911 was living at 12 the Parade, Leamington, lodging with the Graves family who owned a furrier and costumier business. Margaret sat on the subcommittee of the Leamington Conservative and Unionist Women’s Franchise Association (CUWFA). Later in 1912, she also appears as the Honorary Secretary of Leamington’s Church League for Women’s Suffrage (CLWS) so may have been a simultaneous member of both law-abiding groups. Along with other members of the CUWFA, she eschewed suffragette militancy in the local press.&#13;
&#13;
Margaret rather stands out as a teacher of Swedish Gymnastics in Leamington. This must have been a fairly popular pastime as press reports indicate Margaret was still actively teaching in 1919 (see Image below). Preliminary research via the local press indicates that by the 1920s, Margaret was at the forefront of local women’s politics and likely remained so throughout her life. This included her role as honorary secretary of the local branch of the National Council of Women of Great Britain and Ireland, formed to "promote sympathy of thought and purpose among the women of Great Britain and Ireland" and had its roots in the National Union of Women Workers. Margaret's later political life is currently being investigated. Researcher: Tara Morton. Research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>A young  Margaret Russell Cooke then known as 'Maye Dilke'. Source: Courtesy &amp; copyright of The National Portrait Gallery</text>
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                    <text>A young  Margaret Russell Cooke then known as 'Maye Dilke'. Source: Courtesy &amp; copyright of The National Portrait Gallery.</text>
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                    <text>1911 census for Bellecroft House. Margaret was away from home, likely abroad. Source: Courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Bellecroft House. Source: © Rev Robert Rudd, Historic England Archive</text>
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                    <text>Isle of Wight Observer, 3 May 1913 .</text>
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                    <text>Isle of Wight County Press, 2 April 1911 reporting Margaret as away from home.</text>
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                    <text>Isle of Wight Times, 15 May 1913, noting Margaret's contribution to a woman suffrage debate.</text>
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                    <text>Isle of Wight  County Press 15 Jan 1908 reporting on Margaret and  Eva Baring (see map) stressing the difference between suffragists and suffragettes at a local meeting</text>
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                    <text>Margaret's obituary in the Evening Mail 25 May 1914.</text>
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                    <text>1901 census showing Margaret staying at the family home. Source: courtesy The National Archives</text>
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              <text>Margaret was born in Hampton, Middlesex, on the 4th of September 1857 as Margaret Mary Smith. She was the eldest child of Thomas Eustace Smith, a shipowner and Liberal MP for Tynemouth, and Martha Mary Dalrymple. She was brought up in Newcastle upon Tyne. Her childhood home was destroyed by a suffragette arson in 1914. She was educated in Orleans, where she passed the public exam to become a French schoolmistress. She married Ashton Dilke in 1876, and they had 3 children until Ashton died in 1883. In 1886, she gave evidence in the divorce proceedings of her sister, Virginia Crawford, the founder of the catholic women’s Suffrage Society. Her testimony was loyal to her sister and incriminated her brother-in-law, politician Sir Charles Dilke. From 1879, Margaret was an active member of the National Society for Women’s Suffrage, becoming a member of its executive board in 1883. In 1885, she published a book called “Women’s Suffrage” with a foreword from MP William Woodhall and contributed to an article in 1889 that was a response to an anti-suffragist appeal against women’s suffrage. Alongside the suffrage movement, she was a member of the London school board and advocated for free education from 1888-1891. Margaret attended the International Council of Women in Washington in 1888, travelling with Alice Scatcherd and Laura Ormiston Chant. Margaret married William Russell Cooke, a lawyer and legal advisor for the Liberal Party, in 1891 at Kensington parish church. They had two sons together. Margaret became treasurer of the Central National Society for Women’s Suffrage in 1896. She also became active in the Women’s Emancipation Union in the same year. She advocated in 1897 for the creation of a national council of women to represent all the societies' women took part in. She also opposed provisions which would have curtailed the role of women in local government in 1899 and fought for seats for female shop assistants who worked long hours. After the death of her second husband, William, in 1903, she settled on the Isle of Wight at Bellecroft House in Newport. The house was in the family, as she visited her parents at Bellecroft in 1901 while the census was taking place. On the Island, she worked to form the island's suffragist movement. In 1908, Margaret spoke at a liberal meeting alongside Mrs Baring, who expressed her suffragist views were not the same as the militant suffragettes which the meeting had criticised. Margaret also spoke about education reform on the island, continuing from her days on the London school board. Margaret is absent from the 1911 census with only two servants being recorded at Bellecroft. A newspaper report dated the 22nd of April 1911, thanking those who sent flowers for a church easter festival, records her as away from home. We can reasonably assume she was abroad at this time, as she is not recorded as a visitor elsewhere in the country during the census and as a suffragist we can surmise would otherwise have complied with the census. Margaret was also a part of a town hall debate in Ryde in which she debated against Miss Gladys Potts of the National League Against Women’s Suffrage in May 1913. Margaret continued her support for the cause while battling illness and just weeks before her death, supported the formation of a Newport branch of the NUWSS at the beginning of May 1914 and was the vice president. She held a general meeting at her home, Bellecroft. Margaret died there on the 19th of May 1914. Her eldest son from her second marriage, Sidney Russell Cooke, went on to become a liberal parliamentary candidate and continued to live at Bellecroft. Sources: MacColl, N &amp; Baigent, E, "Dilke, Ashton Wentworth (1850–1883), traveller and politician" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Date of access 2 Aug 2025; Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 18661928 (London,1999). Contributed by Becca Aspden, URSS student researcher, History Dept., Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>One of Margaret's letters. Source: The Common Cause, 14 July, 1910, p. 226.</text>
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                    <text>Advertisement for Margaret's suffrage song. Source: The Common Cause, 27 June 1912, p. 17.</text>
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                    <text>Words from Margaret's suffrage song. Source: Portsmouth Evening News, 3 July 1912, p. 4.</text>
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                    <text>A Portsmouth NUWSS branch gathering in 'The Cottage' garden in 1910. Source: Portsmouth Library.</text>
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                    <text>A letter from Margaret about the proposed NUWSS 'Active Service Corps'. Source: The Common Cause, 26 December 1913, p. 709. </text>
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              <text>Margaret was born in 1860 in Cobham, and was elder sister to Norah O'Shea. Both sisters were active and founding members of the Portsmouth branch of the law abiding NUWSS - part of the Surrey, Sussex and Hants federation. Margaret served as the federation's Honorary secretary and Treasurer. Whereas her sister Norah was an outgoing figure - giving many rousing speeches for the cause - Margaret was an avid letter writer on all matters of women's equality. Her letters appear both in the local press and the NUWSS newspaper 'The Common Cause'. She tackled diverse subjects raised by anti-suffragists: such as sending surplus British women of marriageable age to India to circumvent pressure to grant them the vote at home. And she more sensitively critiqued fellow suffragists - such as a letter about Katherine Harley's proposal to 'militarize' the NUWSS through her 'Active Service Corps' scheme, written on Boxing day (see images). Margaret was a lifelong pacifist. As a law abiding suffragist, Margaret, along with her sister, chose not to take part in the suffrage boycott of the government census survey in 1911. However, the sisters together noted on the census form, how they completed it at The Cottage, 'under protest' , because women could not vote. In 1912, Margaret penned the words for a new 'vigorous' suffrage song entitled 'Forward! Ever Forward!' with music by Miss Emily Jones: 'Truth sets women free - free to her the ballot, Citizen is she'. The sisters often held suffrage events in their garden at The Cottage - perhaps Margaret's own song was enthusiastically  recited there. Throughout her life, Margaret was an active worker in the socialist movement and local Labour Party, a member of the Fareham Board of Guardians and Rural District Council, and was secretary of the local vegetarian society. In a moving tribute article, published upon her death in 1927, local residents wrote: 'She kept an ever open door...Many troubled hearts found their way to 'The Cottage' and were never sent away... When we were sick, she visited us, and no one else were we so glad to see... we learned from her to think of animals in a kinder way... we hope to live out some of the lessons she taught us.' (Hampshire Telegraph &amp; Post, 25 Nov., 1927, p. 5). A remarkable woman. Secondary sources and additional reading: Elizabeth Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (London: 2001); Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester: 2014); Sarah Peacock, Votes for Women: The Women's Fight in Portsmouth (City of Portsmouth: 1983).&#13;
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              <text>Margarette was born in Saxony, Germany in 1872. She married (see) Rev. Canon John Howard Bertram Masterman who was an ardent supporter of the women's suffrage campaign and was often with Margarette at suffrage meetings. Margarette belonged to the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society - the local branch of the NUWSS - and was committted to law abiding methods of campaigning. The couple were against the tactics of suffragette militancy. In 1912, Margarette left Coventry when her husband was posted to a new parish - Mary-le-bow in Cheapside, London. However, alongside her husband, Margarette continued quietly campaigning for the cause as well as undertaking charitable work. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>Portrait photograph of Margery Corbett Ashby by Haywards Heath photographer Eva Pannell, Schwimmer/Lloyd Collection, New York Public Library.</text>
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              <text>Margery Corbett Ashby (1882-1981) was the elder daughter of leading Liberal suffrage campaigners (see) Marie and Charles Corbett of Woodgate, Danehill, Sussex. In 1904 she and sister Cicely accompanied Marie to Berlin for the first International Women’s Suffrage Congress. With a BA from Newnham, Cambridge, Margery became secretary of the NUWSS, then joined the executive committee and was soon addressing public meetings in London and in Sussex: at Brighton Dome in October 1910 she was the principal speaker at the biggest event yet organised by the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society. While their father was briefly Liberal MP for East Grinstead and had a flat in London, she and Cicely formed the ‘Younger Suffragists’ there. This non-party, non-militant society’s inaugural meeting in December 1909 was chaired by Margery and addressed by Lady Betty Balfour of the Conservative Women’s Franchise Society.&#13;
County Liberals and eminent suffrage campaigners gathered for Margery’s wedding to Brian Ashby in Danehill Church in December 1910. The couple subsequently lived in Langside Avenue in Putney, where we find them on the 1911 census and where Margery is described as a lecturer on suffrage and politics. Margery became a Poor Law Guardian in Wandsworth and chair of the Barnes, Mortlake and East Sheen branch of the London Society for Women’s Suffrage in 1914, the year her son was born. Yet she continued to speak for women’s suffrage in Danehill as well as in London: at a ‘drawing room’ meeting hosted by Mrs Firebrace of Danehurst in November 1912, as well as on a platform at the Hyde Park mass rally at the culmination of the Great Suffrage Pilgrimage in July 1913. When 1918 Representation of the People Act allowed women to stand for Parliament, Margery stood for the Liberals at several General Elections just to further the cause. At Ladywood, Birmingham, in December 1918, she was, as the sympathetic Mid Sussex Times reported, ‘snowed under’ by votes for Neville Chamberlain who then entered the House of Commons for the first time. Three years later she ‘made a splendid fight for Liberalism at Richmond’, supported by fellow Sussex Liberal, Lord Denman of Balcombe Place. The Mid Sussex Times took pride in announcing the achievements of ‘Charles Corbett’s clever daughter’ (sic), repeatedly reminding readers of her election in 1923 as President of the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance, and in 1927 as President of the Women’s National Liberal Federation. In 1929, as President of the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship, the successor to the NUWSS, Margery attended a meeting at Balcombe Place to promote the formation of Townswomen’s Guilds in Sussex. Women having been granted equal voting rights with men in 1928, the NUSEC was, in 1933, succeeded by the National Union of Townswomen’s Guilds, with Margery as President. As a member of the British delegation to the disappointing 1932-4 League of Nations World Disarmament Conference in Geneva, Margery worked with Lord Robert Cecil, of nearby Chelwood Gate, a founder member, with her father, of the Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage in 1907. In February 1935, these two luminaries of the women’s rights and peace movements emphasized to a packed audience in Danehill Memorial Hall the need to persevere with League of Nations peace efforts. Margery referring to having worked in 30 countries, spoke of ‘the feeling of the world for peace’. ‘It is our business to let the Government know what we want.’ She continued to live in the Putney area of London during much of her working life, later moving to back to Sussex. Margery Corbett Ashby was made a DBE in 1967. For more information see Margery Corbett Ashby in Elizabeth Crawford: The Women’s Suffrage Movement: a reference guide,1866-1928 (London: Routledge, 2001) and her entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. The original entry has been added to and updated by independent researcher and writer Frances Stenlake using sources: Common Cause; Mid Sussex Times; Brighton Gazette; Danehill Parish Historical Society, Woodgate July 2010; Margery Corbett Ashby reminiscences recorded by J Bakewell 1972, Women' Library, LSE. &#13;
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              <text>Majorie regularly attended local CUWFA meetings with her husband Francis.The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together.</text>
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                    <text>Sketch map c. 1903 of how to get to the Bermondsey Settlement in Farncombe Street where Maria and her fellow residents worked. Source: Harvard Library, HOLLIS HUAM5836soc.</text>
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                    <text>Maria's death in 1938 was declared an open verdict. Source: The West London Observer, 11 March, 1938.</text>
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              <text>Maria was born in 1866 in London - the same year that the first nationally organised petition for female suffrage was handed to parliament by Liberal M.P John Stuart Mill. By 1901, Maria was living in Kent with her sister Edith. The two employed three servants and described themselves as living ‘on own means’ and so were likely in receipt of an annuity from their father, a wealthy merchant. Three years later in 1904, we find Maria working to help those in poverty at the Bermondsey Settlement and occupying a property in Rotherhithe rented in relation to her activities there. This property rental allowed Maria, with fellow Settlement worker (see) Anna Martin, to claim for and successfully win the right to be listed on the municipal voters register that year, despite opposition in court from a local Conservative M.P.&#13;
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By 1911, women’s right to vote was important enough to Maria to take part in the illegal boycott of the government census organised by suffrage societies like the Women's Freedom League (WFL) and the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) in protest at women’s exclusion from the franchise. She was then living at 63 Union Road and performed her protest together with fellow residents Anna Martin and Miss Britten. Maria chose to ‘evade’ the census, leaving her form completely blank (see images). However, she did write on the cover, ‘I refuse to fill up form as a protest against a non-representative Government’. We have supposed for the moment on our map, that she was a supporter of the WFL due to her participation in the boycott and the likely societal sympathies of her fellow residents and settlement workers. The following year in 1912, Maria donated £1 in response to an appeal to raise funds for the children of families struggling as a result of a transport workers strike, via the socialist newspaper the Daily Herald, publicly supported by the WFL. &#13;
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We know little else about Maria at present, other than she died in 1938 aged 72 at her later home in Cheyne Walk, Chelsea, which she shared with sister Edith. An open verdict was declared on her death which was ascribed to a 60ft fall from a balcony at her home and was suggested by her sister to have been suicide. A brief obituary about Maria refers to her love of painting and her work at the Bermondsey Settlement for which she was clearly well remembered. &#13;
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Can you tell us more about Maria’s life? If so, please contact us.&#13;
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Researcher: Tara Morton.</text>
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                <text>Maria White Frank</text>
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