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                    <text>Marie and Charles Corbett. Source: Danehill Parish Historical Society </text>
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                    <text>Woodgate. Source: Danehill Parish Historical Society</text>
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                    <text>Illustration EGWSS procession. Source: Malcolm Bull postcard </text>
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              <text>Marie Eliza Corbett (1859-1932) and her husband Charles were leading Liberals who lived at Woodgate, his estate at Danehill, near East Grinstead. When the 1894 Local Government Act gave propertied women the right to vote for and serve on local councils and as Poor Law Guardians, Marie became the first woman member of the new Uckfield Rural District Council and a Guardian of Uckfield Workhouse. In 1887, with Millicent Garrett Fawcett, Eva McLaren and Lady Frances Balfour, she formed the Liberal Women’s Suffrage Society, and in 1907 she co-founded the Forward Suffrage Union to urge the Federation of Women Liberals Associations to adopt a definite women’s suffrage policy. In 1911, following a meeting held by Lady Edith Fox-Pitt and Lady Queensberry, presided over by Lady Grove, chair of the Forward Suffrage Union, and addressed by Frances Balfour, Marie formed the East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society (EGWSS) with herself as honorary secretary. Its President was Muriel, Countess de la Warr, and titled Vice-Presidents were: Muriel’s sister-in-law Countess Sybil Brassey; Lady Fox-Pitt; Lady Eleanor Cecil of Chelwood Gate, whose husband, Lord Robert Cecil, was a founder member of the MLWS; Countess Munster of Maresfield Park; Countess Platen; and Lady Katherine Morgan of the Conservative Women’s Franchise Association. A few months later Florence Buckley, EGWSS treasurer, chaired the first women’s suffrage meeting ever to be held in Danehill itself. Miss Chute Ellis and Miss Spooner, of the Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society, addressed an audience of 50-60, enlisting 12 new members. Cicely Corbett proposed the vote of thanks. In 1912 the EGWSS became affiliated to the Surrey, Sussex and Hampshire Federation of the NUWSS. With the escalation of WSPU violence that year, Marie, with other Sussex branch secretaries, wrote to the local press, denouncing WSPU militancy: ‘There cannot be more than a few hundred who have put themselves under the leadership of the WSPU for the commission of lawless activities. The members of the East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society strongly disapprove of acts of violence.’ In July 1913 Marie arranged a public meeting on the eve of taking EGWSS members to join the Brighton Road contingent of Great Suffrage Pilgrimage to London. This descended into the ‘East Grinstead Riot’ when youths, recruited by ‘anti’ agents provocateurs, subjected EGWSS members and speakers, including Laurence Housman, a founder member of the MLWS, to noisy verbal abuse and unsavoury and injurious missiles. Undaunted, about 20 women set off the following morning to join the Brighton Road and Horsham contingents on their way from Crawley to Horley. From 1904 when Marie and her two daughters, Margery and Cicely, attended the first International Suffrage Congress, in Berlin, until 1921 when she took ‘a large contingent of women from Danehill’ to participate in the women’s procession from the Embankment to the Albert Hall World Disarmament Conference, Marie campaigned on behalf of women at international as well as local level. Her obituary in the Mid Sussex Times detailed her involvement in community activity; International Women’s Suffrage News eulogised her as ‘one of our pioneers’. Contributed by independent researcher and writer, Frances Stenlake. Sources: Margery Corbett Ashby Memoirs 1997; WSRO 54752 East Grinstead Women’s Suffrage Society report from its formation 30 May 1911 to 23 Jan 1914; East Grinstead Observer Mid Sussex Times; East Surrey Journal; Sussex Express; East Sussex News; Common Cause; International Women’s Suffrage News.</text>
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                    <text>The inaugural meeting of the CWSS hosted by Marie at home in 1909. Source: The Common Cause, 23 Dec, 1909.</text>
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              <text>Marie's husband Alfred White was co-founder and managing director of White and Poppes (Drake Street) a large motor engineering firm in Coventry that became renowned arms manufacturers during the Great War. Marie played a central role in founding the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (CWSS) - the local branch of the law abiding NUWSS - by inviting and hosting a meeting for the latter in Coventry in 1909 from which a preliminary Coventry committee was formed. At the beginning of 1910, the CWSS was officially founded with Marie acting as literature secretary. Afterwards, she hosted a series of follow up meetings and 'at homes' at St. Gilgen often with her sister in law (see) Edith White helping the Coventry Society grow in its early years. Marie seems to have been most comfortable as a facilitator rather than as a speaker, but was ever present throughout the campaign. She was an avid supporter of Coventry and District Nursing Association and numerous children's welfare charities. In 1920, she left Coventry for a time to work in the Tyrol, Austria, for Coventry's Save the Children and Famine Relief Fund. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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                    <text>Marion in Council robes. Source: Dorman Museum.</text>
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                    <text>Source: The Vote, 3 February, 1912, p. 176.</text>
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              <text>Marion was sister in law to Alice Schofield-Coates and both women were members of the WFL after briefly belonging to the WSPU. For a short time, Alice may have lived at Northgate house with Marion and her husband Fredrich before she got married to Marion's brother and Fredrich's boss coal merchant Charles Coates in 1910. Alice's daughter would later claim that despite their shared interests, the sister in laws disliked each other and kept their distance wherever possible. During her time in the WFL, Marion was on the board of Guardians for the Newport ward and both she and Alice organised public meetings for the WFL in town - despite dire warnings from local police about potential public opposition. In 1911, Marion took part in the suffrage census boycott as did her sister in law (see) Alice now a near neighbour. Marion's German born husband Fredrich writes on the census form - ' The females in this house refuse to supply any information whatever until they are granted the rights and privileges of citizenship. No vote no census of women'. The 'females' included Marion and two unnamed servants. In 1912, the WFL newspaper, The Vote, reported Marion's key role in organising the WFL's annual conference and heading the society's Standing Orders Committee as well as her election onto the WFL's executive committee. Marion was also a Labour Party member and corresponded regularly with George Lansbury, a Labour MP and vociferous supporter of women's suffrage. Marion was later elected as Middlesbrough's second (her sister in law Alice being the first) female Councillor where she was active in improving housing conditions. For additional reading, see Leslie Tomlinson, Marion Coates-Hanson (http://www.nunthorpehistorygroup.org/No%205%20January%202013.pdf).&#13;
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              <text>Marjorie Hamilton was born in Derbyshire, the daughter of one of the partners in a local bank. After her father's death, Marjorie, her mother, and sister moved to Canada c. 1906. However by 1911 Marjorie had returned to England and, now an art student, was living in a boarding house in what was then a poor part of Knightsbridge. Although she had complied with the census, she was a member&#13;
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                    <text>Mary Benson's home at Tremans (or Treemans) Horsted Keynes, Sussex. Photograph taken 1932. Source: courtesy www.horstedkeynes.com</text>
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              <text>Mary Benson (1841-1918) as the widow of Edward Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, was as much solicited as was any titled lady to lend her name to suffragist organisations and causes. With her companion, Lucy Tait, daughter of her husband’s predecessor as Archbishop of Canterbury, she came to live at Tremans, Horsted Keynes, in 1899. In 1902, she was invited by Marie Corbett to speak on women’s suffrage at a Conference of the Sussex Union of Women’s Liberal Associations at Horsted Keynes. Sending apologies, she said that, had she been able to attend, she would have spoken on this subject as both she and the late Archbishop had the cause greatly at heart. The following year she was reported to be ‘taking up the claims of her sex’ regarding the proposed National Church Council. She objected to the decision to limit to men the right of voting for lay representatives to sit on this and urged ‘those who wished for a fair and representative franchise to do all in their power to bring home to Church people at large the gravity of the question’. When the Conservative and Unionist Women’s Franchise Association (CUWFA) was formed in 1909, Mary Benson joined ladies of the nobility, including Eleanor Cecil, as one of its Vice-Presidents. In 1911, she and Lucy Tait attended the meeting of the Horsted Keynes branch of the Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society addressed by Lady Betty Balfour, a fellow Vice-President of the CUWFA. Again, with Lady Eleanor Cecil, Mary Benson agreed to be named as one of a list of eminent patrons of two exhibitions staged in Haywards Heath by Central Sussex Suffragists: of Sweated Industries in 1912 and of Women’s Handicrafts in 1913. In April 1913, she and both Lord and Lady Robert Cecil became Vice-Presidents of the newly formed North Sussex branch of the CUWFA. The value of Mary Benson’s identification with the suffrage cause reflected her social status: the news from Horsted Keynes in the Mid Sussex Times of 24th February 1914, was that Mrs Benson and Miss Tait had dined at Lambeth Palace that Monday evening with the King and Queen. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Conservative Women’s Franchise Association Review. Researched and contributed by independent writer and researcher, Frances Stenlake.</text>
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                    <text>Mary Blathwayt taken by Col. Linley Blathwayt, 1911. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Emily Blathwayt taken by Col. Linley Blathwayt, 1909. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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              <text>Mary Blathwayt was a suffragette from the city of Bath. Born in 1879, she was the first of two children of Col. Linley Blathwayt and Emily Blathwayt. Cynthia Hammond describes the family as: ‘decorous and comfortably well off, the Blathwayt’s were neither economically marginal nor revolutionary in their dress, comportment or social values’. Mary’s father purchased Eagle House on the outskirts of Bath in 1882 after retiring from service in India. The house was built by John Wood the elder, famous architect of Georgian Bath and it came with four acres of land. This land would later become the scene of many suffragette activities. Mary and her parents all were diarists, and it is from Mary and her mother's writings in particular that their suffrage activities can be revealed. Mary's diaries show her to be a shrewd woman with a tendency to write in a precise and detailed way. She recorded timings to the minute, for example, train journeys were a particular interest and mentioned frequently. She spent a lot of time cycling, swimming and even shooting. Her bicycle in particular enabled Mary to travel frequently into Bath and partake in many suffrage activities. Mary taught violin lessons at Eagle House and outside of her home she was involved in many societies. By 1906, Mary had joined the WSPU and then the NUWSS in 1907. Perhaps the most well-known suffrage activity that occurred in Bath was in fact, the collaborative work of the Blathwayt family in their own garden. In April 1909, Emily Blathwayt wrote in her diary that the ‘idea of a field of trees grows.’ No one knows exactly where the idea came from, but it was perhaps influenced by frequent visitor Annie Kenney; the field of trees was known as ‘Annie’s Arboretum’. Around sixty women visited Eagle House, including the Pankhursts, and planted a tree in their name in response to the political torture faced in prisons from forcible feeding. Eagle House was a place of sanctuary and had a special summerhouse called ‘Suffragettes Rest’ where women could practice speeches, write letters and recover. Mary developed a particularly close friendship with Annie Kenney and assisted her with the West of England campaigning and moved to Bristol with her for a short while. By 1911, Mary had moved back home as the campaigning had taken a strain on her health. A few days before the census, the Bath Chronicle reported that the ‘Suffragettes of this City and district, who are bent on evading the Census return are making elaborate plans for next Sunday night’. The Bath WSPU organiser Mrs Mansel rented 12 Lansdown Crescent for women to hide and spend the night in on the 2nd of April 1911 to evade the census. Mary described the evening: ‘I got there before 10 o’ clock. A little crowd of people were standing in the doorway...I took a nightdress etc. with me...we had a charming room to hold our meeting.’ After Emily Blathwayt resigned on the 8th of September 1909, Mary resigned from the WSPU in June 1913. She was still active but strictly non-militant. Militancy only got worse in Bath after this. On the 15th of May 1917 a Women’s Suffrage Bill was introduced and passed on the 6th of February 1918. Women obtained full voting rights in July 1928. Mary made no comment in her diary. Contributed by Ellis Naylor (BA, MA) Bath Spa University. Sources used: Gloucestershire Archives, D2659, Mary Blathwayt, Diary Gloucestershire Archives, D2659, Emily Blathwayt, Diary Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette (1906-1913) Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: Reference Guide 1866-1928, (Routledge, 2003); Hammond, Cynthia, Architects, Angels, Activists and the City of Bath, 1765- 1965: Engaging with Women’s Spatial Interventions in Buildings and Landscape, (Routledge, 2016); Hammond, Cynthia and Brown, Dan, Suffragettes in Bath, Activism in an Edwardian Arboretum, (Bath in Time, 2011); Hammond, Cynthia ‘Suffragette City: Spacial Knowledge and Suffrage Work in Bath, 1909-14’, in Bath History Volume XIII, ed. By Graham Davis, (Bath Spa University, 2013); Hannam, June, ‘“Suffragettes are Splendid for Any Work”: The Blathwayt Diaries as A Source for Suffrage History’ in A Suffrage Reader, Charting directions in British suffrage history, ed. By Claire Eustance, Joan Ryan, Laura Ugolini (Leicester University Press, 2000); June Hannam, ‘Suffragette Photographs’, Regional Historian, 8, (2002); Wilmott Dobbie, B. M. , A Nest of Suffragettes in Somerset, (The Batheaston Society, 1979).</text>
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              <text>Mary Julia Bull was Secretary of the Leamington branch of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU). The branch seems to have loosely formed in 1910, but ceased to exist some time in 1913 and was largely supported from Birmingham. Mary was an assistant teacher and lived in Ashton House, George Street, Leamington, with her parents Ellen (55) and Ralph (59) a physician and surgeon. Her similarly unmarried sisters were also resident there in 1911: her elder sister Jane (25) and younger sister Isabel (22) also an assistant teacher. Mary seems to have been the flag-bearer for the WSPU in Leamington and presented a bouquet of flowers to its leader Mrs Pankhurst when she gave a talk at the town hall in 1909. It is not clear whether Mary’s sisters were also fully fledged WSPU members, though this is possible. At least one or two of them attended suffrage fetes and meetings with her, where they are generally referred to as the ’Misses Bull’. Certainly, all three 'Misses Bull’ traveled down to London to take part in the Women’s Coronation Procession in June 1911. The procession was organised by suffrage societies to rival the official Coronation procession of George V from which women were excluded. Approximately 40,000 women from around 40 women’s suffrage societies participated, and the procession was seven miles long. The Bull House in George Street, directly adjoins the Leamington Spa Mission building; a former Roman Catholic church built in 1820 with an impressive colonnaded façade, featuring a sculpture of St Peter. The congregation moved to a larger building in the 1860s and it thence became Leamington Youth Mission. Perhaps the Misses Bull and their father as a physician and surgeon, were involved in work at the mission? Could the close proximity of the poverty and destitution they witnessed among the young there have influenced their involvement with Votes for Women as a vehicle for social change?  Contributor: Tara Morton. Research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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&#13;
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&#13;
Mary led a very full and active life and is a well-known figure locally in Leamington. She was a well published writer and historian having left Lady Margaret Hall Oxford in 1888 with a first-class English degree (although degrees for women were not formally acknowledged until 1920). She subsequently became an English teacher and wrote books, plays and lectured at local universities. She records herself on the 1911 census as ‘historical and topographical writer’.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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http://www.leamingtonhistory.co.uk/mary-dormer-harris-1867-1936/. Leamington research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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