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                    <text>Mary Blathwayt taken by Col. Linley Blathwayt, 1911. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Mary Blathwayt, Annie Kenney and Emmeline Pankhurst, taken by Col, Linley Blathwayt 1910, in the background is the Suffragettes Rest. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Mary Blathwayt’s umbrella displayed at the Fashion Museum, Bath. Source: authors own photograph (2018).</text>
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              <text>Mary Blathwayt was a suffragette from the city of Bath. Born in 1879, she was the first of two children of Col. Linley Blathwayt and Emily Blathwayt. Cynthia Hammond describes the family as: ‘decorous and comfortably well off, the Blathwayt’s were neither economically marginal nor revolutionary in their dress, comportment or social values’. Mary’s father purchased Eagle House on the outskirts of Bath in 1882 after retiring from service in India. The house was built by John Wood the elder, famous architect of Georgian Bath and it came with four acres of land. This land would later become the scene of many suffragette activities. Mary and her parents all were diarists, and it is from Mary and her mother's writings in particular that their suffrage activities can be revealed. Mary's diaries show her to be a shrewd woman with a tendency to write in a precise and detailed way. She recorded timings to the minute, for example, train journeys were a particular interest and mentioned frequently. She spent a lot of time cycling, swimming and even shooting. Her bicycle in particular enabled Mary to travel frequently into Bath and partake in many suffrage activities. Mary taught violin lessons at Eagle House and outside of her home she was involved in many societies. By 1906, Mary had joined the WSPU and then the NUWSS in 1907. Perhaps the most well-known suffrage activity that occurred in Bath was in fact, the collaborative work of the Blathwayt family in their own garden. In April 1909, Emily Blathwayt wrote in her diary that the ‘idea of a field of trees grows.’ No one knows exactly where the idea came from, but it was perhaps influenced by frequent visitor Annie Kenney; the field of trees was known as ‘Annie’s Arboretum’. Around sixty women visited Eagle House, including the Pankhursts, and planted a tree in their name in response to the political torture faced in prisons from forcible feeding. Eagle House was a place of sanctuary and had a special summerhouse called ‘Suffragettes Rest’ where women could practice speeches, write letters and recover. Mary developed a particularly close friendship with Annie Kenney and assisted her with the West of England campaigning and moved to Bristol with her for a short while. By 1911, Mary had moved back home as the campaigning had taken a strain on her health. A few days before the census, the Bath Chronicle reported that the ‘Suffragettes of this City and district, who are bent on evading the Census return are making elaborate plans for next Sunday night’. The Bath WSPU organiser Mrs Mansel rented 12 Lansdown Crescent for women to hide and spend the night in on the 2nd of April 1911 to evade the census. Mary described the evening: ‘I got there before 10 o’ clock. A little crowd of people were standing in the doorway...I took a nightdress etc. with me...we had a charming room to hold our meeting.’ After Emily Blathwayt resigned on the 8th of September 1909, Mary resigned from the WSPU in June 1913. She was still active but strictly non-militant. Militancy only got worse in Bath after this. On the 15th of May 1917 a Women’s Suffrage Bill was introduced and passed on the 6th of February 1918. Women obtained full voting rights in July 1928. Mary made no comment in her diary. Contributed by Ellis Naylor (BA, MA) Bath Spa University. Sources used: Gloucestershire Archives, D2659, Mary Blathwayt, Diary Gloucestershire Archives, D2659, Emily Blathwayt, Diary Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette (1906-1913) Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: Reference Guide 1866-1928, (Routledge, 2003); Hammond, Cynthia, Architects, Angels, Activists and the City of Bath, 1765- 1965: Engaging with Women’s Spatial Interventions in Buildings and Landscape, (Routledge, 2016); Hammond, Cynthia and Brown, Dan, Suffragettes in Bath, Activism in an Edwardian Arboretum, (Bath in Time, 2011); Hammond, Cynthia ‘Suffragette City: Spacial Knowledge and Suffrage Work in Bath, 1909-14’, in Bath History Volume XIII, ed. By Graham Davis, (Bath Spa University, 2013); Hannam, June, ‘“Suffragettes are Splendid for Any Work”: The Blathwayt Diaries as A Source for Suffrage History’ in A Suffrage Reader, Charting directions in British suffrage history, ed. By Claire Eustance, Joan Ryan, Laura Ugolini (Leicester University Press, 2000); June Hannam, ‘Suffragette Photographs’, Regional Historian, 8, (2002); Wilmott Dobbie, B. M. , A Nest of Suffragettes in Somerset, (The Batheaston Society, 1979).</text>
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              <text>Mary Julia Bull was Secretary of the Leamington branch of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU). The branch seems to have loosely formed in 1910, but ceased to exist some time in 1913 and was largely supported from Birmingham. Mary was an assistant teacher and lived in Ashton House, George Street, Leamington, with her parents Ellen (55) and Ralph (59) a physician and surgeon. Her similarly unmarried sisters were also resident there in 1911: her elder sister Jane (25) and younger sister Isabel (22) also an assistant teacher. Mary seems to have been the flag-bearer for the WSPU in Leamington and presented a bouquet of flowers to its leader Mrs Pankhurst when she gave a talk at the town hall in 1909. It is not clear whether Mary’s sisters were also fully fledged WSPU members, though this is possible. At least one or two of them attended suffrage fetes and meetings with her, where they are generally referred to as the ’Misses Bull’. Certainly, all three 'Misses Bull’ traveled down to London to take part in the Women’s Coronation Procession in June 1911. The procession was organised by suffrage societies to rival the official Coronation procession of George V from which women were excluded. Approximately 40,000 women from around 40 women’s suffrage societies participated, and the procession was seven miles long. The Bull House in George Street, directly adjoins the Leamington Spa Mission building; a former Roman Catholic church built in 1820 with an impressive colonnaded façade, featuring a sculpture of St Peter. The congregation moved to a larger building in the 1860s and it thence became Leamington Youth Mission. Perhaps the Misses Bull and their father as a physician and surgeon, were involved in work at the mission? Could the close proximity of the poverty and destitution they witnessed among the young there have influenced their involvement with Votes for Women as a vehicle for social change?  Contributor: Tara Morton. Research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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              <text>Mary attended several Warwickshire combined CUWFA meetings with her husband Robert in 1911. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together.</text>
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&#13;
She travelled as a delegate to NUWSS conferences in Birmingham, Manchester and London. In June 1911, she also accompanied other Leamington women and men down to London to take part in the Women’s Coronation Procession. The procession was organised to rival the official Coronation procession of George V from which women were excluded. Approximately 40,000 women from around 30 women’s suffrage societies participated, and the procession was seven miles long.&#13;
&#13;
Mary led a very full and active life and is a well-known figure locally in Leamington. She was a well published writer and historian having left Lady Margaret Hall Oxford in 1888 with a first-class English degree (although degrees for women were not formally acknowledged until 1920). She subsequently became an English teacher and wrote books, plays and lectured at local universities. She records herself on the 1911 census as ‘historical and topographical writer’.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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http://www.leamingtonhistory.co.uk/mary-dormer-harris-1867-1936/. Leamington research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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              <text>Mary Vellacott was Honorary Secretary of the Leamington and Warwick branch of the National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS). She boarded with her mother Jane in rooms at Langton House, Leamington. However, when the census was taken on the 2nd of April 1911, Mary was absent from Langton House, visiting friends in Kent. Mary described herself on the census as living on ‘private means’ though she described herself elsewhere, as a writer.&#13;
&#13;
Mary was committed to peaceful methods of campaigning for the vote, using traditional means such as petitions and lobbying politicians. She did not agree with the militant tactics used by members of the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) led by Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst. &#13;
&#13;
It seems likely that Mary became involved with suffrage politics following her experiences in the municipal elections in 1909. Some forty years earlier, women had been granted the right to vote in local elections, so long as they met residential criteria. The local press reported in September 1909, that Miss Vellacott had cast her vote in the elections, but had it queried (along with several men) by the election agents for Liberal and Conservative council members. They tried to have her vote invalidated because she did not meet residential qualifications. Mary countered, pointing out that she had lived at Langton House for nine years, had her own gas meter and paid extra to the Landlord for sole use of a sitting room. Mary won this battle for the vote. The agents challenge was dismissed and her vote allowed to stand.&#13;
&#13;
Thereafter she threw herself into working for the suffrage cause. She attended numerous conferences and demonstrations across the Midlands as well as in Manchester and London. She also addressed meetings and wrote regularly to the local press. &#13;
&#13;
In March 1911, as Honorary Secretary of the local branch, Mary addressed the Annual Meeting of the NUWSS at Leamington, where she remarked happily upon the four Women’s Suffrage Societies that now had branches in Leamington, and how well the Leamington and Warwick branch of the NUWSS was represented within the Midland Federation Committee.&#13;
&#13;
In June 1911, Mary travelled down to London to take part in the Women’s Coronation Procession. The procession was organised by suffrage societies to rival the official Coronation procession of George V from which women were excluded. Approximately 40,000 women from around 30 women’s suffrage societies participated, and the procession was seven miles long.&#13;
&#13;
Mary was also present at a meeting in Leamington’s ‘Winter Hall’ (now Leamington Public Library) in November 1911 when the Leamington and Warwick branch of the NUWSS joined forces with other suffrage societies including the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) to lobby MP Ernest Pollock in support of the second Conciliation bill. &#13;
&#13;
Thanks to Leamington History Society researchers. For more on Mary Vellacott, see, Margaret Rushton: http://www.leamingtonhistory.co.uk/mary-louise-vellacott-suffragist/</text>
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              <text>Mary lived with her husband Robert who was a Brass Founder. As head of household, it is likely Robert filled in the couples 1911 census form. Hence, most of the required details have been given correctly - but not all. Most likely at his wife's request, Robert has written 'suffragette' as Mary's occupation. This qualifies her as a 1911 census resister taking part in the suffragette boycott of the government survey that year in protest at not having the vote. Taking part was a substantial risk for working women as such action could incur a fine and even imprisonment. As a 'suffragette', Mary was most likely a member of the WSPU who opened a branch in Coventry 1908 with an office in Earl Street. At this stage we know little else about Mary. Could you help? Foleshill Road has undergone significant redevelopment and renumbering so it's unlikely Mary's home still exists. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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