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                    <text>Source: Windows on Warwickshire, Heritage and Culture, WCC.</text>
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          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Engineer and Major Warwickshire Yeomanry</text>
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              <text>Robert  was present at several CUWFA meetings in 1911 with his wife Elizabeth. An engineer and Major on the staff of the Warwickshire Yeomanry, he is pictured below with fellow women's suffrage supporter and Warwickshire Yeomanry staff, The Rev, Leonard Goodenough. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together. As a number of 'Miss Airth Richardson's' are also present at some local CUWFA meetings, it is likely that one or more of Robert's four daughters were also active for the campaign.</text>
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                    <text>Lord Robert Cecil, 1919. Source: ©Lafayette/Victoria and Albert Museum, London.</text>
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              <text>Before entering Parliament in 1906 as MP for East Marylebone, Lord Robert Cecil practised as a lawyer, and in 1909, as a member of the Men’s League for Women’s Suffrage (MLWS) unsuccessfully defended Evelina Haverfield when she was arrested with Emmeline Pankhurst and other WSPU members for trying to enter the House of Commons to petition Prime Minister Herbert Asquith. Lord Robert Cecil took part in CWFA meetings in London and the Home Counties, and in 1911 and early 1912 spoke across Sussex - at Horsted Keynes, at the Horsham Suffrage Society’s first AGM, at a Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society public meeting in Burgess Hill, and at Forest Row - to promote the Conciliation Bill. This would only give the vote to single women householders, who had been able to vote in local elections since1869, but Lord Robert Cecil argued that the principle of votes for women could later be extended. He was against women MPS: they would be physically unable to endure the ‘exhausting exertions’ in the House of Commons! When the Conciliation Bill was rejected by the House of Commons in March 1912, Lord Robert Cecil sympathised with women’s anger, and expressed vehement objections to harsh prison sentences and forced feeding. He continued, however, to advise the avoidance of militancy and to advocate a ‘moderate and conservative admission of women to the franchise’. In March 1913, the East Grinstead branch of the MLWS was founded, with Lord Robert Cecil and Charles Corbett among its members. In 1916 and 1917, in answer to deputations asking about provision for women’s suffrage in proposed electoral reform legislation, Lord Robert Cecil insisted that he would not assent to any substantial increase in the number of men voters unless this Bill included some measure of enfranchisement for women. Following the enfranchisement in February 1918 of women over 30 who were already local electors or the wives of local electors, Lord Robert Cecil introduced a Bill to make women eligible to stand for Parliament. Passed in November 1918, in time for the General Election the following month, this created the anomaly that women Parliamentary candidates need only be 21. When the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Bill, to enable women to enter such professions as the law, was debated in the House of Commons in 1919, Lord Robert Cecil argued that it should include equal voting rights with men, enfranchising all women over 21, but the Government refused to grant this. In 1922, therefore, Lord Robert Cecil introduced a Bill to extend the franchise to women on the same terms as men, but it would take until 1928 for this to be achieved. Meanwhile, in 1925, as the newly installed Rector of Aberdeen University, Lord Robert Cecil’s first official duty was, appropriately, to open the hall of the new University Women’s Union. He told his cheering audience that he had always been in favour of the enfranchisement of women: women should take their full share of citizenship, as electors for Parliament and as members of the House of Commons. Sources: Hansard; Marylebone Mercury; Westminster Gazette; Mid Sussex Times; Kent and Sussex Courier; Sussex Express; West Sussex County Times; Scotsman. Researched &amp; contributed by independent writer and researcher Frances Stenlake.</text>
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                    <text>Source: Windows on Warwickshire, Heritage and Culture, WCC.</text>
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              <text>Diana Lodge, Little Kineton, Warwickshire, CV35 ODL</text>
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              <text>Robert attended regular Warwickshire CUWFA meetings with his wife Mary in 1911. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together.</text>
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                <text>Robert Ralston Patrick</text>
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                    <text>Source: Cheltenham Chronicle and Gloucestershire Graphic, 29 April 1911.</text>
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              <text>Mrs Swiney was the mainstay of Cheltenham's NUWSS being President from its re-founding in 1896 throughout its existence. She appeared on the platforms of the local WSPU, to which she contributed money in its early years, and the WFL and was not opposed to law-breaking. This is evidenced by her census evasion in 1911 in protest at women not having the parliamentary vote. She was a respected speaker and campaigner, prepared to speak in outdoor venues and outlying villages as well as in the Town Hall for example. In 1913, she was assaulted while speaking to a crowd gathered for the arrival of the Pilgrimage in Cheltenham but, undeterred, she continued the next day to Cirencester where there was a similar attack and she had to take refuge in a nearby village. Before her marriage to Major General John Swiney, she was an aspiring painter. Four of her six children were born in India where she had also been born but the family settled in Cheltenham in the late 1870s. She was a supporter of the Eugenics Society, the Ethical movement and the Theosophical Society and was Vice-Chairman of the local Food and Health Reform Society. Researcher/writer Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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                    <text>Rose Lamartine Yates, circa 1909. Source: www.bathintime.co.uk</text>
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                    <text>Dorset Hall. Source &amp; copyright: London Borough of Merton.</text>
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              <text>Rose (1875 - 1954), who was born in France and raised in Clapham, was educated at the Sorbonne and Royal Holloway. She later studied law to help her husband Tom who was a solicitor. In 1907, Rose became the first woman elected to the Cyclists’ Touring Club (CTC) which had 40,000 members. She also served as the only woman on the Roads Improvement Council.  In 1909, Rose joined the Wimbledon branch of the WSPU becoming its militant leader and was jailed for the first time that year, charged with obstruction for protesting outside the House of Commons. Her son, Paul, was 8 months old at the time and she referred to him during her trial. She said that if Paul ever asked her what she had done during the women’s suffrage campaign, she would be embarrassed if she had to reply that she had not attempted to take the matter to the Prime Minister. Despite her husband, Tom, representing her in the trial, Rose was sentenced and served one month’s imprisonment in Holloway. Tom was a member of the Men’s Political Union a wing of the WSPU. Rose’s home, Dorset Hall, became a hub for the Votes for Women movement. She was a great and influential speaker hosting meetings of 20,000 on the local Wimbledon Common. Rose also undertook suffrage work in Kent where she and Tom had a holiday cottage in Whitstable-cum-Seasalter. In 1911, when the government census was taken, Rose and Tom were at their Kent cottage where Rose resisted the census, refusing to give information (see image) but giving a full account of her reasons for protesting the census. In 1912, at her home Dorset Hall, Rose was suspected of hiding Christabel Pankhurst when she was on her way to Paris having fled the Police. Rose refused to allow them to search her house. Emily Wilding Davison (see entry) was a friend and frequently stayed at Rose’s home, including the day before her fatal accident at Epsom Derby in 1913. Rose’s husband Tom represented the Davison family at the inquest, but it was Rose who organised her funeral procession of 100,000 strong. After Emily's death, Rose became ill and took some time to recover, though she remained active with the WSPU until 1915 when the leadership abandoned the suffrage cause to support the War. Rose returned to politics full-time in 1918, when she became a member of the LCC (London County Council) and was instrumental in setting up the Suffragette Fellowship. She never tired of fighting for the poor and under-privileged, leaving her garden at Dorset Hall to be used in perpetuity by the people of Merton. Rose’s home ‘Dorset Hall’ still survives but is under threat. To read more please see our News and Blogs page story ‘Defend Dorset Hall’ by campaigner Barbara Gorna. Sources: Dorset Hall - The John Innes Society Documents held by The Women's Library Newspaper Reports; Jennifer Godfrey Suffragettes of Kent (Pen &amp; Sword); Elizabeth Crawford, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide (London, 1999). Information contributed by Barbara Gorna (London) &amp; Jennifer Godfrey (Kent).</text>
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              <text>Mother and daughter, Ruth and Theodora Mills, claimed to have been interested in the cause long before Theodora became Honorary Secretary of the Cheltenham branch of the law abiding NUWSS in 1902 - a post she retained for the remainder of the society's life time. Ruth and Theodora campaigned in the villages outlying their home in Cheltenham and experienced some rough treatment in so doing. Ruth, a frail woman, had to be rescued by a policeman when the 1913 NUWSS Pilgrimage met a stormy reception. Theodora was involved in deputations, letter-writing and dramatic and musical roles for suffrage social gatherings. She wrote the words to five songs which were included in the WSPU's 1907 Song Sheet and her words set to the tune of 'Onward Christian Soldiers' won an international competition. She took pride in the society's banners and presented one which she used in the June 1908 London demonstration, to what is now the Wilson Museum in the town. In a local test case of 1909, Ruth and Theodora with six others, claimed a parliamentary vote: this was largely a WFL initiative and, somewhat unusually in a time of greater differentiation between suffragists and suffragettes, both Mills ladies were still on the WFL committee before its local leader, Florence Earengey, decided to break ties with other societies. Their census resistance in 1911 was also unusual among local NUWSS members. Generally, NUWSS members as law abiding suffragists, complied with the census. Ruth Mills wrote across the form 'I did not pass the night of April 2nd, 1911 in this dwelling nor arrived during Monday morning. House being locked and left empty. and do not know how many if any persons did so.' Mother and daughter continued to live in the family house with Theodora often writing letters to the local press, either about the history of women's suffrage or about her vegetarian beliefs. Ruth Mills died in 1922 and Theodora in 1958. Researched and contributed by Sue Jones author of 'Votes for Women: Cheltenham and the Cotswolds' (The History Press, 2018).</text>
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              <text>Sarah was born in Wednesbury in about 1880, the daughter of Abraham and Lydia Dyke. In 1911, she was living with her uncle, William Smith, at 48 Gozzard Street, Bilston (now extensively redeveloped). She was working as a clerk in a file works. She may have married Edward Beech in Wolverhampton in 1920. It is not clear which suffrage society Sarah belonged to (if any formally) but as she complied with the 1911 census and seemed to be content to attend suffrage meetings, it seems probable she was connected to the local branch of the NUWSS, the Wolverhampton Women's Suffrage Society. Wolverhampton Archives and Local Studies has copies of a series of Votes for Women postcards, dating between October 1908 and January 1909, written by Sarah to Ethel Greensill and her brother, Mr G. Greensill, of 278 Bilston Road. In them (see images) she talks about attending suffrage meetings, and with Mr Greensill she discusses the Wolves scores. Contributed by Heidi McIntosh, Senior Archivist, Wolverhampton Archives.</text>
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              <text>Sarah was born in Tipperary and from an early age was determined on a medical career at a time when this was seen as eccentric if not improper for a woman. She studied in London but took a qualification in Scotland as London did not award degrees to women. She moved to Nottingham and became the City’s first woman GP facing bitter opposition and hostility. In 1899 she was appointed to the Women’s Hospital and became assistant surgeon in charge of outpatients. Her male colleagues viewed her with mistrust and for a year insisted that a male colleague be present whenever she administered an anaesthetic. She applied to take charge of inpatients but was refused the position being told that her qualifications, despite being the highest open to women, were not high enough. Age 40, she took her FRCSI and in 1902 was appointed surgeon to Nottingham and Notts Convalescent home, medical examiner to the Board of Education, the Education Committee, and surgeon to the Girl’s evening Homes. Sarah was involved with the NUWSS and the National Union of Women Workers. On 1st June 1910, she presided over the NUWSS AGM at the Mikardo café. Her association with the law abiding NUWSS makes it unsurprising that Sarah complied with the 1911 census and did not take part in the boycott of it by some campaigners that year. In 1921-2 Sarah was elected the first president of Nottingham Medico-Chirurgical Society. She was a pioneer among medical women, and against the prevailing times was nonetheless finally recognised for her outstanding abilities. Researched and contributed by the Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-5; www.nottinghamhospitalshistory.co.uk/page83.html</text>
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                    <text>The Hutchinson family are absent likely evading. Source: The National Archives.</text>
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              <text>In May 1911, Sarah and her mother gave the Nottingham WSPU a banner to be carried the following month in the Women’s Coronation Procession in London. Earlier in April, Sarah and her parents had been ‘absent’ from home when the government census survey was taken and so only their servants were recorded. Likely they were all evading as part of the wider census boycott encouraged by the WSPU. By 1913, Sarah was secretary of the Nottingham branch of the Friends’ League for Women’s Suffrage. The society aimed to secure the Parliamentary Franchise for women on the same basis as it is or may be granted to men. Source: Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester, 2014); Elizabeth Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain and Ireland: A Regional Survey (London, 2006). Contributed by Nottingham Women's History Group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk.</text>
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              <text>Sarah was born in Derby in 1869 moving to Hucknall as a young teacher at Beardall Infant School in 1887. After two years of training she became headteacher at Morton Infant school near Tibshelf. In 1894 she married Joseph Merrick and the couple lived in Walsall and Upper Broughton before moving to The Knoll on Beardall Street, Hucknall. Sarah was highly active in public life and supportive of women’s suffrage joining several demonstrations in London. In 1910, Helena Dowson held a meeting in Hucknall and by 1913 Sarah was running the Hucknall branch of NUWSS over a teashop in the High Street. In 1911, Sarah complied with the census appearing at home in Beardall Street, but does not give an occupation. Neither is the exact position of 'The Knoll' in Beardall Street clear and so its location on the map is approximate. Sarah was also secretary to the British Women’s Temperance Society and became the first woman Poor Law Guardian for Basford Board serving in the Labour Party's interests. Sarah fought strongly in this position for better conditions for the poor. She also stood as a Labour County Councillor but was not successful. It is also interesting to note that her husband was a prominent Liberal. Sarah was for many years associated with the Adult School movement being both president and secretary of the Hucknall Woman’s Branch for a time and Minutes Secretary for the County. She died aged 65 at Vernon Lodge Nursing home on Waverley Street in Nottingham, and is buried in Hucknall. Researched and contributed by Nottingham Women's History group www.nottinghamwomenshistory.org.uk. Sources: No Surrender! Women's Suffrage in Nottinghamshire, Rowena Edlin-White (Ed.) Nottingham Women's History Group ISBN:978-1-900074-31-</text>
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