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              <text>Annie attended several local CUWFA meetings often with her husband the Reverend Alan Williams. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together. The two travelled together to London in June 1911 to take part in the Women's Coronation Procession organised jointly by suffrage societies as an alternative to the Kings official procession from which women were excluded. Annie also likely belonged to the Warwick and Leamington Church League for Women's Suffrage and her daughters Marjorie and Joyce may also have been active in the suffrage movement. Researcher: Tara Morton. Funded by Warwick University.</text>
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                    <text>Annie Kenney postcard. Source: Parliamentary Archives, STH/DS/4/9/3</text>
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                    <text>1911 census showing refusal to give information. Source: courtesy The National Archives</text>
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                    <text>Annie Kenney in a car with Mrs Pankhurst. Source: Crawford, Elizabeth. The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (London, UCL Press, 1999).</text>
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                    <text>Annie on front cover of Suffragette magazine. Source: © The British Library</text>
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                    <text>Annie's National Registration Act 1915 certificate. Source &amp; copyright: Estate of Annie Kenney. All rights reserved. Included by kind permission of Warwick Kenney-Taylor (son of Annie Kenney) and later generations of the Kenney and Taylor families.</text>
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                    <text>Annie Kenney holding her son Warwick. The reverse reads: 'Warwick Kenney Taylor at three months old. Taken Isle of Arran, Scotland, 1921.' Source: Estate of Annie Kenney. All rights reserved. Kind permission of Warwick Kenney-Taylor (son of Annie Kenney) and later generations of the Kenney and Taylor families.</text>
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                    <text>Annie Kenney statue in Oldham. Source: image Jim McMahon MP&#13;
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              <text>Annie Kenney was born to Ann Wood and Horatio Kenney in Lancashire in 1879. Three of her sisters, Jessie, Jane and Nell, were also involved in the suffrage movement. She began part-time work in a mill at 10 years old, meaning the image of her as a suffragette mill girl was often used in campaign propaganda to appeal to working class women. After the sudden death of her mother in 1905, she was invited with her sisters to the spring meeting of the Oldham Trades Council, which was focused on the suffrage movement led by Christabel Pankhurst and Teresa Billington. After attending, Annie promised to set up a meeting with other factory women in Oldham and Leeds. On the 13th of October 1905, Annie was arrested with Christabel Pankhurst at a Liberal party meeting held by Winston Churchill and Sir Edward Grey in Manchester. Annie had asked if the Liberals would make Women’s suffrage a government measure, and the pair were removed from the meeting forcibly without getting a reply. Annie was charged with obstruction, and the two refused to pay the fine. instead, being imprisoned due to the publicity it could create. Annie was imprisoned for 3 days before being released.  This was one of the first arrests for militancy under the suffrage movement. Her actions led to her being invited to travel to London with Teresa Billington and to pose her question to Sir Edward Grey again. The money for her was raised by raffling a picture of Sylvia Pankhurst and a social gathering of the Manchester Labour Party. She asked Sir Edward Grey again, and when he didn’t reply she interrupted his speech, leading to her being evicted from Albert Hall. Annie helped set up the first WSPU meeting in London, approaching Keir Hardie, W.T. Stead and Isabella Ford to rent out Caxton Hall. Despite her working-class background, Annie was effective at winning over wealthy women to the cause, both Lady Carlisle and Clara Modran were won over by her appeal. The future treasurer Emeline Pethick-Lawrence was also won over by Kenney. On the 9th of March 1906, Annie marched, with Irene Fenwick Miller, Flora Drummond and a group of other suffragettes to 10 Downing Street. They demanded to see the Prime Minister and clung to the railings and door knocker, although the police were called, the Prime Minister didn’t press charges. Annie was arrested a second time in June 1906 after leading a deputation alongside Adelaide Knight and Minnie Baldock outside Henry Asquith’s house. She was imprisoned for 6 weeks, and upon her release, she did a lecture around Yorkshire and Lancashire. After the success of the first women’s parliament in February 1907, she went back to Lancashire with fellow suffragette Adela Pankhurst to mobilise female textile workers. Many of these women travelled to London for the second women's parliament in March, and 75 of them were arrested outside parliament. Annie was made WSPU Organiser in 1907, being paid £2 a week. On her arrival, she was helped by Bristol suffragettes Anna Maria and Mary Priestman (see map) among others. She spoke at the first WSPU meeting in Bath hosted by Mary Blathwayt, with whom she was close friends and stayed with on many occasions. Mary Blathwayt and Christabel Pankhurst were both heavily influenced by Kenney. Annie resisted the 1911 census while living in Bristol, citing her occupation as a suffragette and refusing to provide any more information. She claimed to have housed a large group of resistors, but the evidence makes this uncertain. After the window-smashing campaign in 1912 that led to Christabel fleeing to France due to warrants being out for the WSPU leaders, Kenney became the surrogate leader, regularly travelling to France each weekend. This continued until she was arrested in April 1913 for inciting a riot. She was sentenced to 3 years imprisonment but was released under the Cat and Mouse Act due to her hunger strike. This led to a recurring pattern of re-arrests, hunger strikes and releases. In August 1913, her frail state after a hunger strike was used by the WSPU as she was brought to meetings on stretchers. After this event, she evaded until she tried to seek sanctuary with the Archbishop of Canterbury, who refused. After this and until the outbreak of war, she evaded the police before leaving for America to help suffrage campaigns in Dakota, Montana and Nevada. Throughout the war, she supported multiple Pankhurst campaigns before resigning in 1918 from helping the Pankhursts after Christabel's failed election campaign. She married John Taylor in 1920, whom she met on the Isle of Arran. They had a son, Warwick Kenney Taylor, in 1921, and Annie resigned from the suffrage movement to live a quiet domestic life dedicated to caring for her son. She died in 1952, aged 73. In 2018, a statue of Kenney was erected in Oldham to honour her pivotal role in the movement. Sources: Liddington, Jill, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census Manchester, 2014); Crawford, Elizabeth, The Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 18661928 (London, 1999); News, BBC. 2018. ‘Annie Kenney: Statue to Mark “Overlooked” Suffragette’, BBC News &lt;https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-45918651&gt; [accessed 9 June 2025]; Coughlan, Sean. 2018. ‘Imprisoned Suffragette Letter Discovered’, BBC News &lt;https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/education-45576262&gt; [accessed 9 June 2025]. Contributed by Becca Aspden, URSS student researcher, History Dept., Warwick University. </text>
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              <text>Averal was born in Coventry in 1882 and by 1911 was living with her brother (a solicitor) her mother, an aunt, and two servants at 76 Holyhead Road. She joined the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (CWSS) - a local branch  of the large and law abiding NUWSS - becoming its Honorary Secretary. Averal was also Honorary Secretary and committee member of another local society - the Coventry branch of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (now the RSPCA) organizing its competitions and entries for the city's May Day parade. As a law abiding suffragist, Averal complied with the government's 1911 census choosing not to take part in the suffragette boycott of the survey that year. In 1913, she wrote a series of articles exploring women's role in the politics of local government, published in the newspaper The Coventry Herald. Through her role in and with the help of the CWSS, Averal was central in founding the Tipperary Club in February 1915, located in the city's Old Palace Yard. The club provided all manner of help and support for the wives and mothers of local soldiers and sailors caught up in the First World War. Its services included invaluable free childcare facilities and health advice from Doctors, as well as providing reading material, refreshments and fortnightly entertainment for women and children. Averal's legacy via the Tipperary Club was felt for many years in Coventry. So positive was its impact on the local community during the 1914-18 War, that it was revived during the Second World War. Averal remained interested in expanding women's role in political life. When women finally got the vote on the same terms as men in 1928, Averal stood as a Labour candidate for Coventry City Council - narrowly missing out by 46 votes to the Conservative candidate. She had by then moved to Lion's House, Allesley, where she compiled a history of Old Allesley and was active in the local Women's Institute there (meetings were held at the Parish Rooms) among other parish work. Sadly, her contribution to local women's causes was cut short. Averal suffered an untimely death aged just 47 due to complications following an operation for appendicitis. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.&#13;
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              <text>Beatrice Ethel Chapman (b. 1864) was born Oetzmann, and was descended from a German family. She married Harry Chapman when she was 32 years old in 1895. Harry was manager of a watermill in Hertfordshire but Beatrice felt that the damp river valley was an unhealthy place to bring up her two daughters so spent long periods living by the sea in Margate. She was a strong character and rather eccentric, who was fiercely argumentative about the “superiority of women”. While in Margate she threw herself wholeheartedly into the work of the local suffrage society. She was Honorary Secretary for the Margate NUWSS. This information was published in The Common Cause, 4 July 1913 as part of promoting the NUWSS pilgrimage from Kent to London.  Beatrice was recorded in the 1911 census, but her husband is not listed as he remained in Hertfordshire. Her two daughters, Beatrice Muriel, 14, and Florence Furnival, 10, are both recorded as scholars. Throughout 1913, and up until the outbreak of war in 1914, Beatrice, in her capacity as Honorary Secretary of the Margate branch of the NUWSS, wrote almost weekly to the local papers on matters concerning women’s issues and the suffrage campaign. For more information see, Jennifer Godfrey, Suffragettes of Kent, (Pen &amp; Sword Ltd, 2019). Researched &amp; contributed by Jennifer Godfrey. Since appearing on the map, Beatrice's story has been added to with thanks to local Kent historian Laura Probert who also provided images courtesy of Beatrice Chapman's grand daughter Diana Spence.</text>
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              <text>Beatrice was Honorary secretary of Barford CUWFA in 1911 and attended several local meetings often with her husband the Reverend Ingham Brooke. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together. The two travelled together to London in June 1911 to take part in the Women's Coronation Procession organised jointly by suffrage societies as an alternative to the Kings official procession from which women were excluded. </text>
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              <text>19 Hermitage Road (off Hagley Road) Birmingham, B15 3UP</text>
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          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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          <description>This person's response to the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Bertha Ryland joined the WSPU in 1908 and quickly threw herself into work. In 1910 she set up a WSPU base in Lichfield and spent the first few months of 1911 drumming up support in the Midlands towns of Walsall, Stafford and Hanley. Later in 1911, she took part in the WSPU window smashing raid for which she recieved seven days imprisonment. Perhaps unsuprisingly, Bertha also took part in the illegal boycott of the 1911 census - hence she is absent from the census form and from her home on census night. A committed 'sufragette' Bertha went on to smash more windows the following year, and was subsequently sentenced to four months hard labour. she was sent to Winson Green Prison where she went on hunger strike and was forcibly fed. in 1914 she used a cleaver to damage the painting Master Thornhill in Birmingham Art Gallery. For more on Bertha, see, E. Crawford, The Women's Suffrage Movement: A Reference Guide, 1866-1928 (London: Routledge, 2001) &amp; https://womanandhersphere.com/2013/03/22/suffrage-stories-from-frederick-street-to-winson-green-the-birmingham-womens-suffrage-campaign/</text>
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                    <text>Bessie Drysdale. Source: Courtesy Schwimmer-LLoyd Collection, NYPL.</text>
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                    <text>Bessie (tall figure left of centre) on 7th October 1911 march to Holloway Gaol. Christabel Pankhurst is on the right. Source: Courtesy Schwimmer-Lloyd collection, NYPL.</text>
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                    <text>Bessie's 1911 census return with a written protest across it. Source: Courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Bessie (extreme left) at the Birth Control Congress, Holland, 1910. Source: Courtesy Schwimmer-Lloyd Collection, NYPL.</text>
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      <name>Person (Campaigner)</name>
      <description>A record of a person related to the Mapping Women's Suffrage project</description>
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              <text>None known</text>
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          <name>Age</name>
          <description>The age of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>35</text>
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          <description>The marital status of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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          <name>Address</name>
          <description>The address of this person at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>49 Rotherwick Road, Hampstead Garden Suburb, London</text>
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          <name>Suffrage Society</name>
          <description>The suffrage society this person was affiliated with at the time of the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>WFL</text>
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        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Census</name>
          <description>This person's response to the 1911 UK Census</description>
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              <text>Resists</text>
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              <text>Bessie Ingman, known as Mrs Drysdale, was the ‘daughter-in-law’ of Dr Alice (Drysdale) Vickery and, like Alice, moved from constitutional to militant campaigning. On 14 February 1907, as a member of the WSPU National Executive Committee, she was one of 52 women arrested during a march to the House of Commons and spent 21 days in Holloway. In November of that year, she became a member of the first NEC of the breakaway WFL. In 1908 Bessie was a WFL delegate at the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance Congress in Amsterdam; Charles Drysdale represented the MLWS. The involvement of the whole family in the campaign was demonstrated in the June 1908 procession to Hyde Park, organised by the WSPU: ‘in the WFL contingent, secretary Edith How Martyn walked with a pretty little girl, Eva Drysdale, whose father marched with the MLWS, whose mother was with the prisoners, and whose grandmother took her place with the veterans.’ (The Vote 25 June 1910) Bessie wrote across her page in the 1911 Census: ‘As the Government refuses me a vote and as I am not therefore recognised as a citizen, I refuse to perform the duties of one in giving the information required by the Government’, signing with her name as a member of the WFL. She represented the WFL at the International Women’s Suffrage Alliance Congress in Stockholm that summer, reporting on it to The Vote, acknowledging some material supplied by Margery Corbett Ashby. At this time Bessie, Charles and Eva lived at 49 Rotherwick Road, Hampstead Garden Suburb. Alice lived at 47 and a local WFL branch was formed here, with Bessie as secretary. Photographs in the Schwimmer/Lloyd Collection in New York Public Library show that on 7 October 1911 Bessie and Charles took part in a procession to Holloway Gaol to protest against the imprisonment of Clemence Housman, for non-payment of rates. In one photograph Bessie is identified as the tall figure left of centre; on the right is Christabel Pankhurst. It is likely that Charles took and inscribed the photographs showing Bessie. He himself appears in another photograph, probably taken by Bessie, as the man on the right carrying a banner, immediately in front of Clemence Housman herself. Bessie remained on the WFL NEC until April 1912, when she and several other prominent members, including Edith How Martyn, announced that they had left to campaign independently. It was at this time, and presumably for Eva’s health, that the Drysdales acquired 13 acres at Heathfield, East Sussex, where they built a house, Cherry Croft, and Bessie attempted to establish a women’s co-operative fruit and chicken smallholding. After Eva’s death in 1914 this enterprise was abandoned and Bessie, during the War and under the auspices of the Malthusian League, published a series of leaflets emphasizing the need to reduce the birth-rate at a time of such shortages. After the War, she travelled the country, arranging meetings held by the American birth control campaigner, Mary Sanger, and promoting Ministry of Health birth control information. Sources: Frances Stenlake, 'Heathfield Story Discovered in New York Public Library' Sussex Family Historian, June 2014; LSE WL 9/01/00/90 HO-45-24665 arrest list; Women’s Franchise; The Vote; Votes for Women; The Woman’s Leader; The Times; Kent and Sussex Courier. Contributed by Frances Stenlake, Independent researcher &amp; writer.</text>
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