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              <text>Clare Verney was the daughter of the honourable Walter Verney, Rector of Lighthorne and Vicar of Chesterton who died in 1912. She attended several Warwickshire CUWFA meetings aone and with her mother Elizabeth throughout 1911. The CUWFA formed in 1908 to work peacefully and constitutionally for ‘the removal of the sex disqualification from the franchise’ by bringing Conservative and Unionist’s together.</text>
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                    <text>Constance Andrews. Source: Ipswich Women's Festival Group.</text>
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                    <text>The mass evasion at the Old Museum Rooms organized by Constance (page 2). Source: The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Constance in car with WFL leader Charlotte Despard on release from Ipswich prison. Source: www.joybounds.co.uk</text>
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              <text>Constance, a former music teacher, was instrumental in founding the Ipswich branch of the Women's Freedom League (WFL) in 1909. She was Honorary Secretary for the Ipswich branch and by 1911, she was also Honorary Organizer for the East Anglia area. The WFL played a central role in orchestrating the suffrage boycott of the government census survey in 1911, and Constance ensured that Ipswich played its part in the boycott. Constance evaded the census with her sister Lilla by sleeping not at Lilla's family home where they lived with Lilla's husband and sons, but at the Old Museum Rooms (by then a dance hall) in Arcade Street on the evening of the 2nd April when the census official called. Probably because Constance was so well known locally, the census official was aware that as suffragists, the females of the house were likely sleeping at another 'unknown' location writing his suspicions across the census form. Constance was responsible for organizing the mass evasion at the Old Museum Rooms which involved about 20 local people including the sisters servant who evaded with them, sleeping over there for the night (see census image attached). Shortly afterwards, Constance wrote a press report about the evasion at the the Old Museum Rooms - 'the storm centre'  of the Ipswich movement. The night was a 'real joy' with various disguises worn in case of intruders, and ghost stories recited later in the evening (Suffolk Chronicle, 7 April, 1911). Later that year, Constance was arrested and spent a week in Ipswich prison for refusing to pay her dog licence (or a subsequent fine) as part of a wider suffragette ' no vote no tax' scheme. Risking imprisonment (as Constance had also done by evading the census) and being imprisoned, was a life changing decision for suffrage campaigners. Being classified as criminals potentially ruined their future lives and reputations. Thus, this sacrifice was publicly acknowledged by suffragette society's like the WFL. Upon Constance's release from Ipswich prison, the president and founder of the WFL Charlotte Despard was there to meet her along with crowds of well wishers from the town. Constance was then whisked away to a celebratory meal and reception. Her tireless work for the WFL kept Constance busy and in the following years she relinquished her role as Secretary of the Ipswich branch to her sister Lilla, so that she could travel up and down the country promoting the votes for women cause. Nevertheless, Constance found time in 1914 to visit home and tell her Ipswich friends about her travels. Ever active, Constance was also involved with the Trade Union and Labour Movements. Sources: Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census (Manchester: 2014); Joy Bounds at www.joybounds.co.uk.&#13;
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                    <text>Nina Boyle. Source: The Women's Library, TWL 2009 02 47.</text>
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              <text>Constance Antonia better known as 'Nina' Boyle (1865–1943), was born in Bexley, Kent, on 21 December 1865. She lived in South Africa around the turn of the century, where she performed hospital duties during the South African War and worked as a journalist. Her activism for women’s rights started during this period, when she founded the Women's Enfranchisement League of Johannesburg. In 1911, she returned to Britain and joined the Women's Freedom League (WFL). She resisted the census in 1911 likely with 3 other women. Her (see) census form is defaced perhaps with the slightly exaggerated statement that the flat was '...filled with Census resisters. No Votes. No Census. Votes for Women'. The census official notes in red that a total of 5 women slept there that night, one of whom (Boyle's sister) took no part in the protest. In 1912, she became head of the WFL's political and militant department. Boyle was very active, she led numerous demonstrations and campaigns for the WFL. She wrote extensively for The Vote (the journal of the WFL). She was arrested on several occasions and imprisoned three times. She attempted to gain approval for women to be employed as special constables, but after it was refused, she founded the Women’s Volunteer Police (WVP) with Margaret Damer Dawson of the National Vigilance Association. The WVP represented a challenge to male control of the law—particularly in regard to sexual matters. In late 1916 Nina Boyle went to Macedonia and Serbia to perform war relief work. She received the Samaritan order of Serbia and the allied medal. After women over thirty obtained the vote in 1918, there were doubts about their capacity to stand for Parliament elections. In March 1918, Boyle attempted to stand as a WFL candidate in the Keighley by-election. Although her nomination was rejected because of a technical flaw, it was ruled that she could stand for election as a women. This acceptance of her candidature set the principle for other women to stand for election. During the 1920s and 1930s Boyle remained active in a broad range of women's organizations. She campaigned on behalf of the National Union of Women Teachers, the Women's Election Committee, the Open Door Council and organisations concerned with the welfare of women and children in developing countries. In 1920, Boyle published her novel Out of the Frying-Pan, followed by a string of adventure romance novels ending with Good Old Potts in 1934. Sources: M. Brodie, Boyle, Constance Antonina [Nina] (1865–1943), women's rights campaigner. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (May 25,2006, ). Jill Liddington, Vanishing for the Vote: Suffrage, Citizenship and the Battle for the Census, (Manchester: Manchester Uni Press, 2014). Contributed by: Oihane Etayo, Warwick University.</text>
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              <text>The eldest daughter of Charles Radcliffe Cooke, anti-suffragist MP, Constance Chellingworth Radcliffe Cooke was born in London in 1877. When her father inherited Hellens Manor in Herefordshire the family moved there in 1881, and she took an active part in the women’s suffrage campaign in Herefordshire, Worcestershire, and London, from 1908 onwards. She was a member of the WSPU and was involved in a poster parade from Hereford Cathedral in November 1913 alongside (see) Reverend and Ethel Davis. She was a campaigner for public health improvements both in Herefordshire and the Isle of Wight, where she lived for a number of years, and was a member of the Labour Party, and later joined CND. Constance campaigned on environmental issues, wrote books, and was a prolific linguistics and local history researcher. In 1911, she complied with the census despite belonging to the WSPU who encouraged a census boycott, probably because she was working at Elsie Randall's cookery school in Eastbourne though she still managed to describe herself on her census return as a "social reformer". Constance died in 1963, leaving her remarkable collection of papers and photographs to the Herefordshire Archives. Researched and contributed by Herefordshire community fundraiser &amp; author Clare Wichbold, MBE. Source: Herefordshire Archives and Records Centre, E69, personal papers of Constance Radcliffe Cooke. Also see Clare's blog 'These suffrage papers are to be given to Hereford Museum and Library' about Constance on our Suffrage Blogs &amp; News page.</text>
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                    <text>Letter from Constance Lytton to Miss Browne on her arrest following a deputation in 1909 (p.1). Courtesy The Women's Library at LSE.</text>
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                    <text>The 1911 census form for Constance Lytton's London flat at 15 Somerset Terrace where she resisted. Courtesy The National Archives.</text>
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                    <text>Suffragettes Constance Lytton and Lesley Lawless with other women outside Bow Street Magistrates' Court, carrying suitcases, parcels, rugs, c. 1912. Courtesy The Women's Library at LSE.</text>
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              <text>Lady Constance Lytton (1869-1923) joined the WSPU in January 1909 and was a committed suffragette. She was imprisoned in Holloway prison for one month in February 1909 but was found to have a weak heart so began her sentence in the hospital wing, rather than the cells. During her sentence she carved the letter ‘V’ on her chest with a hairpin (with the intention of writing ‘Votes for Women’). She was arrested in October 1909 after throwing a stone at a car in Newcastle. Constance was sentenced to one month’s imprisonment and began a hunger strike. On her third day without eating, following a medical examination, her sentence was terminated, and she was released. Constance did not want the special privileges that she felt she had been given because of her family (her father had been Viceroy of India), so in January 1910 she travelled to a protest in Liverpool disguised as a seamstress named Jane Warton. She was arrested and sentenced by contrast to two weeks in the Third Division criminal class of prison. ‘Jane’ did not reveal her medical condition and went on hunger strike. She was force-fed eight times before her real identity was established and she was released. Following her release, she wrote a graphic account of her experiences for The Times and provided a report to the Home Office. The furore surrounding Constance's preferential treatment compared to lower class 'Jane' was embarrassing for the government and a publicity coup for the WSPU: though her treatment as 'Jane' took a serious toll on Constance's health. From June 1910 she was a paid organiser for the WSPU, earning £2 per week. She rented a flat near the Euston Road, where she lived at the time of the 1911 census and gave speeches around the country. She refused to give her details for the census, and they were completed by the registrar with an estimated age. After a stroke in the autumn of 1910, she became paralysed down one side, but subsequently recovered and carried on with speaking engagements. Constance’s last imprisonment was in November 1911 after she threw stones, breaking glass at a Post Office. She was sentenced to fourteen days in the First Division, but her fine was paid anonymously, and she was released, even though this was against normal suffragette policy. Another stroke in May 1912 meant that Constance moved back to Knebworth to live with her mother. She taught herself to write left-handed and wrote a book about her experiences called Prisons and Prisoners, which was published in March 1914. Constance did not take part in any more direct suffragette action but continued to hold the cause dear and was visited by many of her WSPU friends. During the First World War she worked on behalf of a range of different causes and sold many of her possessions so that she could give more money. Constance was delighted when some women were given the vote in 1918. She died in 1923, and a palm leaf in Suffragette colours was placed upon her casket by Emmeline Pethick Lawrence. For more about Constance’s life at Knebworth read my blog for Mapping Women’s Suffrage. Sources: B. Barnett-Sanders and E. Lenton (ed.) Suffrage Stories: Tales from Knebworth, Stevenage, Hitchin, and Letchworth (Stevenage: Stevenage Museum, 2019) P. Miles and J. Williams, An Uncommon Criminal (Knebworth: KHEPT, 1999) L. Jenkins, Lady Constance Lytton: Aristocrat, Suffragette, Martyr (London: Biteback, 2015). Contributed by Katherine Dunstan, Education Officer, Knebworth House Education and Preservation Trust www.knebworthhouse.com</text>
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                    <text>The Missess Allen-Brown. Source: courtesy of Henfield Museum.</text>
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              <text>Decima Allen (1869-1951) and Ada Brown (1856-1915) lived in Holmgarth, Henfield from about 1899. The house was owned by a relative of Ada Brown by marriage. By 1906 they were marketing the products of the Violet Farm they established there, referring to themselves as Misses Allen-Brown FRHS. They began by advertising boxes of freshly cut violets in the Morning Post in March 1906; in the autumn the magazines The Gentlewoman and The Queen promoted their soap, bath salts, perfume, and protective ‘motor lotion’. A year later their business was publicised as being world-famous and scented ‘novelties’ were proposed as Christmas gifts. From April 1908, when Votes for Women progressed from a monthly to weekly publication, Misses D and A. Allen-Brown are listed as contributors to WSPU funds. From August 1908, each week’s issue of the paper carried advertisements for their ‘preparations’. In September, a page headed ‘Progress of Women’ included an announcement of the founding of a French Horticultural School by ‘those two excellent friends of the WSPU, Misses Allen-Brown’. Training was to be conducted on up-to-date scientific principles and based on fashionable French methods. The two-year course would lead to a diploma, and endeavours would be made to place students in good positions in France or England. Misses Allen-Brown, by now major employers of women in Henfield, helped arrange a women’s suffrage meeting held on 11 July 1910 in the village Assembly Rooms. NUWSS organiser Barbara Duncan reported in their newspaper the Common Cause that she and Florence Basden, chair of the Brighton and Hove Women’s Franchise Society, ‘went to Henfield where Miss Mack (aka feminist playwright Margaret Macnamara) and the ladies of the Violet Nurseries had gathered a delightful audience’. Reverend CC Pridgeon, Vicar of nearby Steyning, was in the chair, with (see) Elizabeth Robins in support. It was as WSPU members, however, that Misses Allen-Brown refused to sign the 1911 Census: the Holmgarth page lists only the cook, housekeeper, and a housemaid. The Votes for Women newspaper reported the first WSPU meeting to take place in Henfield: on 27 November 1911. It was chaired by Elizabeth Robins and addressed by Isabel Seymour, a WSPU administrator, and ‘The platform was decorated by the ladies of the Violet Nurseries.’ In 1912 Henfield suffragists followed Elizabeth Robins in supporting Emmeline and Frederick Pethick-Lawrence when the couple were prosecuted for conspiracy in the WSPU’s campaign of violent destruction, even though they did not participate in this themselves. When the Government tried to recover some of the costs of window-smashing by auctioning the contents of the Pethick-Lawrence house in Dorking on 31 Oct 1912, much of its contents was purchased by friends and returned. The Misses Ada-Brown were among the women of the village who contributed to a collection made by Ada Baxter, wife of the Captain of the Henfield Fire Brigade, towards this purchase fund. Misses Allen-Brown oversaw the planting of the flower beds at Backsettown, a record of which was kept by Elizabeth Robins at the back of her Visitors Book. In 1913 they published The Violet Book, dedicated to ‘Our neighbour, Miss Elizabeth Robins’. Sources: Votes for Women, Common Cause, Brighton Gazette, The Gentlewoman, The Queen, Bystander, Tatler, with thanks to Alan Barwick, Henfield Museum. Contributed by independent researcher &amp; writer France Stenlake.</text>
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              <text>Born in Keighley in 1979, Dinah’s mother was unable to sign the birth certificate, just marking it with a cross. Dinah, who had been a woollen weaver, married Charles Connelly, a stone mason. They lived in the congested terraced housing of Halifax’s industrial suburbs ~ in 1901 just off Queen’s Road, and by 1911 at 22 Howard Street, by Pellon Lane. So Dinah lived at the heart of Halifax’s nest of suffragettes. At New Year 1907, Dinah was among the 22 Halifax women who signed the ILP Manifesto to the WSPU. Then in February 1907, Dinah went down to London to take part in the WSPU’s Women’s Parliament; she was arrested ~ and sentenced to 14 days in prison. &#13;
&#13;
Dinah Connelly complied with the 1911 census, Charles signed the household schedule, and all the information is provided. However, a closer look at Dinah’s occupation reveals that it is given as ‘slave’ (the word is deleted, presumably by the census official). Why ‘slave’? It’s easy to see. In 1911, Dinah’s family consisted of herself, Charles (undoubtedly coming home with clothes covered in stone dust), and three sons, aged 9, 2 and 11 months. All five were squashed into a small 4-roomed terrace house. Domestic slavery indeed. Dinah's house is now demolished, but the photograph featured here is of similar houses that remain at the end of her street.&#13;
&#13;
One of Dinah’s younger children, Laura Mitchell, later became Mayor of Halifax ~ and has an impressive Laura Mitchell health centre named after her in the town centre.&#13;
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              <text>Dora (born Vickers-Jones) married Dr. Frederick Harman Brown who worked for Coventry and Warwickshire Hospital before going into practice with Dr. William Fraser Annand in 1909. Dora was active on the charitable side of the Hospital committee and in its nursing institute. She joined the Coventry Women's Suffrage Society (the local branch of the law abiding NUWSS) and regularly attended its local meetings. When her husband retired in 1919, the couple moved to Newton Abbot, Devon. Researcher: Tara Morton. Coventry research funded by Warwick University.</text>
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              <text>Dora was a member of the Church League for Women’s Suffrage (CLWS) in 1911. Later in 1913, she became its Honorary Secretary. She regularly attended CLWS meetings and fetes and in June 1911 travelled down to London with other local women and men to join the Women’s Coronation Procession. The procession was organised by suffrage societies to rival the official Coronation procession of George V from which women were excluded. Approximately 40,000 women from around 30 women’s suffrage societies participated, and the procession was seven miles long.&#13;
&#13;
The CLWS was a peaceful suffrage society and Dora wrote to the local press on several occasions eschewing militancy; emphasising to members of the Leamington public that not all suffrage campaigners were law breakers or violent!  &#13;
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                    <text>Suffragists at Burgess Hill, 21 July 1913, photographed by (see) Douglas Miller. Source: Mid Sussex Times archive.</text>
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                    <text>Copy of Pemberley Shades by Dorothy Bonavia Hunt (1949). </text>
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                    <text>1911 census. Source: The National Archives</text>
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              <text>Dorothy Bonavia Hunt came to live in Burgess Hill in 1905 when her father, Revd Henry Bonavia Hunt, took over as Vicar of St John the Evangelist after 30 years at St Paul’s, Kilburn. The family was musical and literary: Dorothy’s father had founded the Trinity College of Music; her mother, Madeline, was a much-published author. By 1905 Dorothy’s pianist sister Ethel, her elder by 10 years, was teaching music in India. Dorothy herself performed at local events as a soprano and violinist. In 1909 Dorothy organised a WSPU meeting held on 1 June in the Parish Hall. This was addressed by ‘polished platform speaker’ Helen Ogston who had begun work a few months earlier as the first WSPU paid organiser in Brighton after achieving notoriety in December 1908 for wielding a dog whip against stewards who tried to eject her from the Albert Hall for interrupting a speech to Women Liberals by Lloyd George. A report in Votes for Women of the Burgess Hill meeting claimed that copies of this paper were sold out. Three months later the Mid Sussex Times reported that Helen Ogston, having ‘made out so good a case for votes for women in such a brilliant speech’, had been invited to return to Burgess Hill, and delivered ‘another fine exposition of the subject’. This second meeting was chaired by Revd Baldwin Pinney, senior curate at St John’s. By August 1910, however, Dorothy had allied herself to the non-militants, and a Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society garden party hosted by Mrs Carey of Lea Copse, Burgess Hill, concluded with a display of Morris dancing by schoolgirls under Dorothy’s direction. In July 1913, when the Brighton Road contingent of the Great Suffrage Pilgrimage stopped for a meeting under the Reformers Tree in the centre of Burgess Hill, Mrs Bonavia Hunt was ’one of the numerous prominent Burgess Hillians present’. Dorothy ‘was among the cyclists who bore the suffragist colours’ and was also named in the report of the Pilgrims setting off from Cuckfield the next morning. By September 1913 Dorothy had become secretary of a new Burgess Hill branch of the Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society and had also joined the Mid Sussex branch of the Church League for Women’s Suffrage. In February 1914, she and her father attended a large meeting in the St John’s Institute addressed by ‘one of the foremost women speakers in the country’, Maude Royden, editor of Common Cause and a leading figure in the Church League for Women’s Suffrage. The annual report delivered at the Central Sussex Women’s Suffrage Society AGM in Cuckfield’s Queen’s Hall, in July 1914, where the guest speaker was Millicent Garrett Fawcett, made special mention of the first year’s activity of the Burgess Hill branch ‘under the able leadership of Miss Bonavia Hunt’. Dorothy is known now as the author of Pemberley Shades, a sequel to Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, first published in 1949 while she was living with one of her two brothers, a vicar in Bedfordshire. Sources: Mid Sussex Times; Votes for Women; Common Cause. Contributed by independent writer and researcher Frances Stenlake.</text>
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